Evaluation of socio-economic components explaining resilience in informal settlements (Case study: Tabriz metropolis)

Author

Assistant Professor of Geography & Urban Planning, University of Bozorgmehr Qaenat, Qaen, Iran

Abstract

Nowadays, paying attention to a resilient society in crisis management and risk reduction and disaster management is an inevitable necessity especially in areas prone to disasters and crises. In this regard, the present study has been written with the aim of identifying the influential socio-economic components of resilience in informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose, survey in terms of implementation method and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of the study was residents of informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis (More than 400,000 people) and administrators, officials, and academic elites which have been the sample size of residents is estimated at 383 according to the Cochran method and the sample size of managers and officials is estimated at 100 based on the Delphi method. Also have been used for data analysis T-test, regression, and structural equation modeling. The research findings indicate that the economic and social characteristics of individuals have a significant impact on individual and social resilience in informal settlements, which has the greatest impact on economic indicators related to the variables of employment status, income and housing ownership with coefficients of 0.69, 0.67 and 0.62, and among the social indicators, the highest impact is related to the variables of the level of education and the sense of spatial belonging to the neighborhood with the coefficients of 0.54 and 0.42, respectively. Also, in socio-economic structures, the most effective on the formation of informal settlements, the existence of communication bases between people and responsible organizations to accelerate the quality of responding to needs in times of crisis and appropriate credits of banks and local government institutions to restore the situation before the crisis, that their T-test statistics are 12.44 and 11.32, respectively.

Keywords


  1. Abesamis, N. P. Corrigan, C. Drew, M. Campbell, S. Samonte, G. (2006). Social resilience: a literature review on building resilience into human marine communities in and around MPA networks. MPA Networks Learning Partnership, Global Conservation Program, USAID.
  2. Boon, H J. Cottrell, A. King, D. Stevenson, R.B. Millar, J. (2012). Bronfenbrenner’s bio ecological theory for modeling community resilience to natural disasters, Nat Hazards, 60 (3), 381–408.
  3. Botton, S. Van Heusden, M. Parsons, J. R. Smidt, H. N. (2006). Straalen Van, Resilience of Microbial Systems towards Disturbances, Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 32, 101–112.
  4. Choguill, Charles L. (2007). The search for policies to support sustainable housing. Habitat International.
  5. Davis, I. Izadkhah, Y. (2006). Building Resilient Urban Communities. Article from OHI, 31(1), 11-21.
  6. Fleming, J. Ledogar, R. J. (2008). Resilience, an evolving concept: A review of literature relevant to aboriginal research, Pimatisiwin, 6 (2), 7– 23.
  7. Forgette, R. Van Boening, M. (2009). Measuring and Modeling Community Resilience: SERP and DyME, For Internal Distribution Only. Final SERRI/DHS distribution review pending. 10/01/2009.
  8. Gasoarini, P. Manferdi, G. Asprone, D. (2016). Resilience and resistance to natural disasters (a challeng in the future), translate by Hossein Hataminezhad and Morteza Nosrati, Tehran: Arad Books. (In Persian)
  9. Gilbert, A. (2014). Housing the urban poor. The companion to development studies: 257-262.
  10. Gillespie B.M. Chaboyer, W. Wallis, M. (2007). Development of a theoretically derived model of resilience through concept analysis. Contemp Nurse J Aust Nurs Prof, 25 (1–2), 124–135.
  11. Hakimi, H. Mabodi, M. T. Alizadeh, P. (2017). Analysis of individual resilience of residents of informal settlements against environmental hazards (Case study: Urmia), Geographical research of urban planning, 5(2), 173-198. (In Persian)
  12. Heidarian, S. Rahimi, M. Fathollahi, S. Ghafori, S. (2017). Analysis of resilience indices of informal settlements against earthquakes with a social approach (Case study: Farahzad neighborhood of Tehran), New attitudes in human geography, 10(1), 245-260. (In Persian)
  13. Iftekhar, A. (2014). Factors in building resilience in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18 (1), 745- 753.
  14. Javaheripour, M. (2003). Socio-economic construction of informal setlements (case study in the metropolitan area of Tehran), Collection of articles on marginalization and informal settlement, volume one, Tehran: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science Publications. (In Persian)
  15. Jota, S. (2011). Urban Regeneration in a Context of Violence: The Case of the Favela-Bairro in Rio de Janeiro. Availablefrom: ⟨http://informalsettlements.blogspot.com/2011/06⟩.
  16. Klein, R. J. N. Thomalla, F. (2003). Resilience to Natural Hazards: How Useful is this Concept, Environmental Hazards, 5 (1-2), 35–45.
  17. Malekan, A. Khani, F. Motiee Langroodi, H. Darban Astaneh, A. (2020). The Impact of Social Capital on Improving Drought Resilience (Case Study: Kangaveh County Villages), Regional Planning, 10(38), 65-80. (In Persian)
  18. Mohhammadi, A. Ashori, K. Robati, M. B. (2017). Evaluating the Components of Institutional and Social Resilience in Urban Spontaneous Settlements (Case Study: Naisar Separated Urban District in Sanandaj), Urban Studies, 6(22), 75-88. (In Persian)
  19. Mohhammadi, Y. Rahimian, M. Movahhed, A. Torfi, A. (2008). Investigating the challenges of marginalization in Koohdasht city, Lorestan province, Human Geography Research Quarterly, 40 (66), 85-98. (In Persian)
  20. Parvaresh, Z. (2013). Assessing the resilience of new urban communities in the face of natural hazards (Case study: New cities in the urban area of Isfahan), Master Thesis in Regional Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Department of Biological Complex Design and Planning. (In Persian)
  21. Pashazadeh, A. Yazdani, M. H. (2018). Urban resilience, Ardabil: Gonash Negar press. (In Persian)
  22. Patal, R. B. Gleason, K. M. (2018). The association between social cohesion and community resilience in two urban slums of Port au Prince, Haiti, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 27, 161-167.
  23. Rezayi, M. R. (2011). Evaluation of economic and institutional resilience of urban communities against natural disasters, case study: Earthquake in Tehran neighborhoods, Crisis management, 2(3), 25-36. (In Persian)
  24. Roy, D. Lees, M. (2020). Understanding resilience in slums using an agent-based model, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 80, 1-17.
  25. Salmani, M. Kazemi Sani, A. Badri, A. Matof, S. (2016). Identification and analysis of effect the variables and indicators of resilience: Evidence from the north and northeast of Tehran, Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards, 3(2), 1-22. (In Persian)
  26. UN- Habitat (2003). The challenge of slums: local report of human settlements. London; earth scam publication.
  27. Vearey, J. Thomson, K. Sommers, T. Sprague, C. (2017). Analysing local-level responses to migration and urban health in Hillbrow: the Johannesburg Migrant Health Forum. BMC public health, 17(3), 427.
  28. Vienna, Declaration (2004). Annex B: Vienna Declaration in Report: Ministerial, Conference on Informal Settlements in South Eastern Europe, OSCE. Homburg in Vienna.
  29. Zadvali Khajeh, S. (2018). Rethinking of autochthonous on feasibility of quality-physical improvement on informal settlement based on Affordable housing criteria (comparative study of Ahvaz and Tabriz metropolises), Ph.D thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. (In Persian)
  30. Zali, N. Sohrabi Rezvan, M. (2018). An Analysis of the Influential factors in Regional Resiliency Using TRIZ Technique; A Case Sudy in Hamedan Province, Regional Planning, 8(29), 41-52. (In Persian)
  31. Zaman, G. Vasile, V. (2014). Conceptual framework of economic resilience and vulnerability at national and regional levels, Institute of National Economy, Romanian Academy.