Survey of Urban Tourist Role and Effects on Zanjan City's recreation

Authors

• Yousef Khodaei ¹
• bahman kargar ²
• Rahim sarvar ³

¹ Ph.D. Student of Geography&Urban planning, Islamic Azad University, Branch Oloume tahgigat, Tehran, Iran.

² Associate professor of Geography&Urban planning, Islamic Azad University, Branch share rey, Tehran, Iran.

³ Professor of Geography & Urban planning, Islamic Azad University, Branch Oloume tahgigat, Tehran, Iran

10.30495/jzpm.2022.4122

Abstract

Nowadays tourism should be one of vival stable of development industry in each society that have improvement of economic politic urban and environment .focus on aspects of different tourist industry with international and local planning of management of each community play important role in international and national activities .Urban tourist is part of globe trophy developed and stable industry .it’s sort of new subject and history of propounding it in scientific  circles is less than more decades .Urban tourist is one of the most important and the most complex  human’s space and place activities .in the idea of experts ,urban tourist creates a big cultural ,social and economical occasions for cities .This occasion have a high effect on improvement of life quality indifferent aspects. For this purpose, data were collected through field and library methods. According to existing standards the statistical sample size was 9 persons, consist of tourism experts and urban experts who were selected based on Delphi method. Hereby, the effect of urban tourism on improving and remanufacturing old districts and central core of Zanjan city using Friedman test, the effect of urban tourism on improving and remanufacturing old districts and central core of Zanjan city using Kramer statistical test, investigating the impact of urban tourism on the components of renovation and remodeling of the central core and neighborhoods of Zanjan city using one-way chi-square test, measuring the impact of urban tourism on creating income and attention of authorities in maintenance, restoration and improvement and recreation of Zanjan neighborhoods using Friedman Test, impact of urban tourism on creating income and attention of authorities in maintenance, restoration and improvement and recreation of Zanjan neighborhoods using One-Way Chi-square Test, has been analyzed using Spearman which its general description will be discussed in the analysis section
Keywords: Urban tourist, Recreation, Delphi metod, Zanjan City
 
Extended Abstract:
Introduction:
Postmodern citizens often spend their free time touring the city to find entertainment. The before-mentioned type of activity is called city/urban tourism. This industry involves filling your free time at home or going outside the city or village. City tourism happens when people spend their free time touring in urban areas or wandering in city infrastructures such as parks, amusement parks, shopping malls, cultural and historical centers, and forth. This industry, which has been able to satisfy some of the citizens' needs and answer their calling for regular recreational activities, is developing and growing in various parts of the world, including Iran (Especially in the large metropolises of our country). Based on mentioned particularities, now days providing open space areas and modern recreation centers has become one of the primary goals for Iranian metropolitan executives. The extension of such modern tourism, at the level of sustainable local development and ultimately national development, can: improve the economy and the environment, balance people's leisure time, and enhance their physical and mental health. Besides, it plays a significant role in attracting foreign and domestic tourists to visit a well-managed city.
Methodology:
The method of this research is descriptive-analytical; we used the survey method and Delphi technique to collect data. To gather information, first, the documents stored in the library of offices and organizations such as the Cultural Heritage-Tourism Organization, the Deputy of Planning of the Governorate, the Governor's Office have been studied and used. In this research, the main instrument for data collection is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study is the existing policies in the field of city tourism and recreation, 30 expert professors, city managers, and the municipality. In this study, we used Kai-Square, Friedman, Kramer, and Spearman tests to analyze the whole statistical population. Accordingly, to statistically analyze data, we used the Friedman test to measure the effectiveness of urban tourism in favor of improving and renovating the context of both old regions and the central core of Zanjan - to measure the impact of urban tourism on improving and renewing both old areas and the central core of Zanjan city, we used the Kramer statistical test.
Results and discussions
The results show that the increase in urban tourism has led to renovating historical sites and helped build their identity. Amelioration resulting from the presence of tourists, along with increasing revenue, have led to prosperity in the tourism industry. Also, it has risen the attention of city managers to renovate the valuable historical context of Zanjan in recent years. Finally, while creating job opportunities, these actions paved the way for urban instauration.  By studying and examining the current situation of Zanjan city and observing the improved, restored, and recreated places, we can conclude that: because the augmentation of city tourism results in revenue growth, the importance of this matter, is maturing clear day by day to city officials. This encourages all the officials, including the governorate, the municipality's cultural heritage, and the city council, to take the lead and pave the way for planning and designing areas so that both tourists and the people of the city can use.
conclusion:
Finally, by studying the information obtained from the presence of tourists and examining the process of renovating the valuable and historical regions of Zanjan, which is happening recently, we can state that: city tourism in historical and recreational areas of Zanjan has increased in a manner that it is already presenting job opportunities and financial profits. So this makes officials support the renovation of the areas in such a way that not only won't they face any problem with executing the projects but also carry the plan faster by having people's support. The implementation of the Historic Square Green Square (also called Sabze Meydan) project is a real example of the cooperation of people, officials, business owners, and shopkeepers. The best way to make profits from the tourism industry is by attracting tourists, and that would not be possible unless we renovate city regions and value them. By reviving the identity of cities, we can increase the opportunity of attracting tourists and develop city tourism. Besides, with the income gained from this, we can help to improve the city as much as possible. According to field studies and data collection from the Delphi technique and interviews that we had with tourism experts, tourism professors, and municipal officials involved in the field of tourism and questions raised in the presence of the experts, all realized the effects of tourism on urban restoration and reconstruction. They acknowledged that developing city tourism can directly result in revenue growth. This will also persuade city officials, such as the cultural heritage and the municipality administrators, to use existing potentials to the best of their ability to improve Zanjan's tourism, and this will indirectly revitalize citizens' sense of identity, pride, and sense of belonging.

Keywords

• Urban tourist
• Recreation
• Delphi metod
• Zanjan city

20.1001.1.22516735.1400.11.44.18.7

---

References

1. 1- Iranian Harris et al. (2018): Identifying and prioritizing the factors and categories affecting foreign tourists, a case study of Tabriz, Sarzamin Geographical Quarterly, No. 61, Spring 1398, Pages 1 to 16.

   2- Aminzadeh Behnaz, Dadras Raheleh (2012): Culture-Based Reconstruction in the Historical Context of Qazvin with Emphasis on Urban Tourism, Iranian Architectural Studies: Volume 1, Number 2; From page 99 to page 108. 

   3- Bahraini, Hossein (1997): Urban Planning and Sustainable Development, Approach No. 17, National Scientific Research Council, Tehran.

   4- Zanjan Province Attractions (2014): Deputy Governor of Planning of Zanjan.

   5- Hossein Ali, Hassan (2009): A Passage on the History of Zanjan, Danesh Publications, Spring.

   6- Habibi et al.; Kiomars (2008): From Zangan to Zanjan (A Look at the Physical-atmospheric Developments of Old Urban Context), Zanjan University Press.

   7- Dalir et al., Hosseinzadeh (2013): Zanjan, from yesterday to today; Roshd Geography Magazine, Volume 28, Number One, Fall.

   8- Shadi Tavana (2013): Renewal of Iranian city centers with an approach to urban tourism, the first national conference on tourism, geography, and sustainable environment, Hegmataneh Environmental Assessors Association.

   9- Shabani Amir Hossein, Izadi Mohammad Saeed (1396): Localization of Integrated Urban Regeneration of Historical Context of Islamic City, Islamic Architectural Research, Volume 5, Number 2 (Section 15) from Page 150 to Page 168.

   10. Zangiabadi Ali, Gholami Younes, Mousavi Seyed Ali (2011): A Study of Urban Reconstruction Approach Using SWOT Model Case Study, Central Context of Mashhad, Geography: Volume 9, Number 30; From page 57 to page 76.

   11- Fatemeh Afkhami Banaim (2013): Urban Reconstruction with Urban Tourism Approach, A Case Study of Tabriz Grand Bazaar Entrance Area, Supervisor: Mohammad Saeed Izadi, M.A. Thesis. State - Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology - Tabriz University of Islamic Arts - Faculty of Art and Architecture.

   12- Ghezelbash, Somayeh (2008): Physical Abnormalities in Informal Settlement Areas of Cities and Its Impact on the Occurrence of Social Anomalies studied: Bisim Informal Settlement Area in Zanjan City; M.A. Thesis, Zanjan University.

   13- Statistics Center of Iran, General Census of Population and Housing - Zanjan city during the years 1955-2016.

   14- Mokameli, Mohammad Kazem (2000): Zanjan and its periodic growth, Farhang Quarterly, First Year, Third and Fourth Issues; Fall and Winter.

   15- Armanshahr Consulting Engineers (2006): Studies of the detailed plan of Zanjan city; General Department of Roads and Urban Development of Zanjan province.

   16- Armanshahr Consulting Engineers (2009): Studies of the current situation of the worn-out context areas of Zanjan city; General Department of Roads and Urban Development of Zanjan Province.

   17- Mohammad Jahed Ghadami. Khosrow Daneshjoo. Seyed Gholamreza Eslami (2014): Conceptual Model of Reconstruction of Urban Centers with Emphasis on Urban Tourism (Case Study: Mahmoudabad Coastal City Center): National Conference on Sustainable Architecture and Urban Landscape. Mehraz Shahr International Institute of Architectural and Urban Studies.

   18- Mohammad Pourzarandi Hosseini, Aminian Nasser (2015): Evaluation of the re-creation capabilities of tourist sidewalks from the perspective of sustainable urban development (Case study: 15 Khordad St., Tehran), Economics and Urban Management, Volume 3, Number 11; From page 1 to page 21.

   19- Masoud Mohammad, Beigzadeh Shahraki Hamidreza (2012): Maintaining and recreating the cosmetic motifs of city areas, Urban research and planning: Volume 3, Number 10; From page 43 to page 66.

   20- Nasiri, Seyed Mohammad (2008): Zanjan Province and Industrial Development, Fourth Year, No. 42, January.

   21- Hajar Abbasi Asl (2015): Presenting urban design strategies in the old context of Amlash to protect and recreate the city with an emphasis on tourism, Supervisor: Gholamreza Haghighat Naeini, M.A. Thesis. State - Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology - Tehran University of the Arts - Faculty of Art and Architecture.

   22- CLG (Communities and Local Government) (2007e): strong and prosperous Communities: The Local- Government White Paper- Making It Happen: The Implementation Plan, London: HMSO.

   23- Couch, C. (1990): Urban Renewal: Theory and Practiec (chapter) 1 covers post – war approaches to the reconstruction of urban areas, basingstoke: macmillan .

   24- EC. (20006), European Institute for Urban Affais 2006.Fainstein, S. Gordon S., I and Harloe , M. (1992):  Divided Cities: New York and london in the contemporary World (Basil Blackwell, Oxford , UK.

   25- Roberts, P. 2000. the evolution, definitiion and purpose of urban regeneration , in P. Roberts and H. syke (eds) Urban Regenetation , A Handbook. British Urban Regeneration Association, SAGE Publication, London, 9-36

   26- Roberts, P. and Sykes, H. (eds) (2000): Urban Regeneration: A Handbook, london: Sage