Spatial analysis of Iranian rural women's employment pattern in services sector

Authors

• fazile dadvarkhani ¹
• alireza darban astane ²
• mohammad najjarzade ³
• zabihullah torabi ⁴
• bahram hajari ⁵

¹ tehran university

² Tehran University

³ university of semnan

⁴ PhD student at Tehran University

⁵ PhD student

Abstract

In rural regions, due to women's significant role, paying to the status of their employment and guidance them to market can provide the situation of better usage of rural society from this potential force. In fact, to identify the current status, factors influencing participation according to local-regional needs and ultimately, to increasingly involve them can provide local economic development and consequently, the national economy. Accordingly, in this study using the exploratory analysis approaches of spatial data, we tried to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of basic economy (LQ) of Iran's rural women in the services sector. The data is extracted from the 1390 population and housing census. For data analysis, local and global statistics Moran's I and LISA as approaches from the ESDA are used. The results indicate that the northern and northwest of the country, including parts of the provinces of Tehran, Qom, Semnan, Markazi, Hamedan, and Mazandaran are from basic areas, and mainly in the northwest of the country, including the provinces of Eastern and western Azarbaijan, Ardabil, and Kurdistan are from non-basic parts, in the field of rural women's employment in the service sector. Also, the results from global Moran's index showed that the spatial distribution of basic economy (LQ) of rural women in the services sector has been distributed as cluster. Spatial distribution of basic economy coefficient and its spatial association with literacy value and pastoralism value using global self-correlation shows that spatial association of literacy value and pastoralism value with basic economy coefficient in Iran's rural regions does not function from a certain pattern, but each region accepts a certain pattern of associations due to local-regional needs.

Keywords

• "employment Women’s
• " "spatial analysis
• " "locative quotient (LQ)"
• "rural of Iran"

20.1001.1.22516735.1397.8.32.1.5

---

References

1. Guardchian, A, Tayebi, S. K, Ghazavi, E (2014), The effect of women's employment on the gender income gap in Iran, Journal of Economic Modeling Research No. 17, pp. 169-145  [In Persian]
2. Heidari Sarban, A(2012), "Prioritizing Barriers to the Entrepreneurship of Rural Women (AHP Method)", Women's Social Psychological Studies. Year 10, Number 2, 177 159. [In Persian]
3. Heydarifar, M. R (2012), Rural Finance and Employment, Municipality Organization of the country, Khaje Nasreddin Tusi Foundation. [In Persian]
4. Karimi M, Zahra, Nazifi N, Abbaspour, S (2013), "Economic factors affecting women's employment in Iran", Journal of Social and Psychological Studies of Women, Vol. 11, No. 3, Autumn 2013 Pages 80 53. [In Persian]
5. Pasban, F (2006), "The Economic and Social Factors Affecting the Employment of Rural Women in Iran ", Quarterly Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, Vol. 4, No. 53, Spring 2006 Pages 176-153. [In Persian]
6. Sadeghi, M; Emadzadeh, M (2004), An Analysis of the Effective Economic Factors in the Employment of Women in Iran, Women's Research, Volume 2, Issue 1, Spring 2004, pp. 22-5. [In Persian]
7. Shakouri, A (2005), Rural Women Developers Hidden (Case Study of Jamsey Village, Darab County), Geographical Space Quarterly, No. 14, pp. 136-111. [In Persian]
8. Aly, Y.H. and I. A. Quisi (1996),Determinants of women labor force participation in Kuwait: A logit analyses, The Middle East Business and Economic Review, 8(2),Page 1-9
9. Becker, G. (1965), A theory of allocation of time, Economic Journal, 75,Page 493-517.
10. Cagatay N. & S. Osler(1883). Feminization of the labor force: The effects of longterm development and structural adjustment”,World Development, Vol.23(1995),PP.1883-1894
11. Cavalcanti ,Tiago V. de V. and Jos´e Tavares(2005), Assessing the “Engines of Liberation”: Home appliances and female labor force participation, web.ics.purdue.edu/~tcavalca/ research/ EnginesofLiberationOct2005.pdf, Page 1-14.
12. Cavalcanti,Tiago V. de V and Jos´e Tavares(2004), Women prefer larger governments: Growth, structural transformation and government Size, web.ics.purdue.edu/~tcavalca/ research/ WGCavalcantiandTavares.pdf, Page 1-24.
13. Del Boca, D. and M. Locatelli, S. Pasqua(2000), Employment Decisions of Married Womens :Evidence and Explanations,CHLD Working Papers, n. 8, page 1-20.
14. Hartley, M., Popay, J., & Plewis, I. (1992). Domestic conditions, paid employment and women's experience of ill‐health. Sociology of Health & Illness, 14(3), 313-343.
15. Jackson, C., & Pearson, R. (2005). Feminist visions of development: Gender analysis and policy: Routledge.
16. Kottis, A. P.( 1990). Shifts over time and regional variation in womens labor fore participation rate in a developing economy: The case of Greece, Journal of development economics,Vol.33.
17. Kozel, V. & H. Alderman (1990), Factors determining work participation and labor supply decisions in Pakistan’s Urban Areas, The Pakistan Development Review, 29 (1),PP 1-17.
18. Lazar, M. (2005). Feminist critical discourse analysis: Gender, power and ideology in discourse: Springer.
19. Malapit, H. J. L., & Quisumbing, A. R. (2015). What dimensions of women’s empowerment in agriculture matter for nutrition in Ghana? Food Policy, 52, 54-63. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.02.003
20. Mammen, Kristin and Christina Paxson(2000) , Women’s work and economic development, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 14,Pages 141–164.
21. Shah N.M. (1986),Changes in women role in Pakistan: Are the volume and pace adequate?,The Pakistan Development Review, 25(3),Page 667-684
22. Sultana, N., H. Nazli, and Malik (1994), Determinants of women time allocation in selected districts of rural Pakistan, The Pakistan Development Review, 33 (4),Page 1141-1153.
23. Tansel, A. (2002). Economic development and female labour force participation in Turkey: time series evidence and cross provinceestimates, in Bulutay, T. (Ed.), Employment of Women. Ankara:State Institute of Statistics,51-111.
24. Tansel, Aysyt (2002), Economic development and female labour force participation in Turkey: Time – series evidence and cross-province Estimates, ERC Working Papers in Economics, 01/05,Page 1-37.
25. Vendrik,Maarten C.M. (2000) , Bandwagon and habit effects on female labour force participation, ciclamino.dibe.unige.it/ wehia/papers/vendrik.pdf ,Page 1-30.
26. Waldron, I., Weiss, C. C., & Hughes, M. E. (1998). Interacting effects of multiple roles on women's health. Journal of health and social behavior, 216-236
27. World Development Indicator (WDI) (2006)
28. Zareen F. Naqvi and Lubna Shahnaz1(2002),How do women decide to work in Pakistan?, www:\zareen\ZAREEN\PAPERS\ RSP\Women's PEA Paper.rtf , Page 1-23. Aly, H. Y., & Al-Quisi, I. (1996). Determinants of Women's Labour Force Participation in Kuwait: A Logit Analysis. MIDDLE EAST BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC REVIEW, 8, 1-9