تبیین کیفی اثرات، پیامدها و الگوهای رفتاری خانوارهای دامدار روستایی با مخاطره کووید 19 (مورد: شهرستان ایذه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

شوک ناشی از بیماری کووید 2019 موجب اختلال در بخش های متعدد تولیدی و از جمله در سیستم‌های کشاورزی خرده‌مالک و بخش دامداری و خانوارهای وابسته به آن گردیده است. تجارب زیسته دامداران در مواجهه با مخاطره کووید 19 با هدف شناسایی استراتژی های مداخله در سیستم های حال و آینده به پیش رفته است. لذا این مطالعه، به درک تجارب زیسته و الگوهای رفتاری تاب آور خانوارهای دامدار روستایی در مواجهه با پدیده کووید 19 در شهرستان ایذه (استان خوزستان) پرداخته است. این شهرستان یکی از مناطق با پتانسیل بالا برای فعالیت‌های دامداری و کشاورزی است و بخش عمده‌ای از فعالیت‌های ساکنین روستایی را در برگرفته است. روش پژوهش اکتشافی و از نظریه داده مبنا استفاده شده است. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش تحقیق کیفی، شهرستان ایذه را به عنوان مطالعه موردی با استفاده از داده‌های 17 خانوار دامدار فعال با بیش از 50 راس دام و از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته و منطق اشباع تئوریک به پیش رفته است. بر مبنای فرآیند تجزیه و تحلیل داده های پژوهش و کدگذاری های علمی، 6 مقوله هسته ای شامل "اختلال در چرخه تولید و درآمد خانوار"؛ "تشدید فقر اقتصادی خانوارهای دامدار" ؛ "خشکسالی و بیماری های فصلی دام زمینه‌های مقاوم در تشدید شرایط بحران خانوارهای دامدار" ؛ "تقاضا و بهره‌گیری از منابع مالی خرد فرصتی برای خروج از بحران"؛ "ضعف عملکردی ساختارهای حمایتی و بیمه‌ای" ؛ و "پیامدهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی دوران شدت مخاطره کووید" استخراج گردید. پدیده کانونی پژوهش " کووید 19و ناکارآمدی فضایی (ضعف ساختاری –عملکردی) " است. این پدیده شرح می‌دهد که وجود مخاطره کووید 19 بسیاری از ناکارآمدی‌های نهادی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و مدیریتی در سیستم های تولید دام خرد و فشارهای مضاعف بر خانوارهای دامدار را عیان می سازد. این تحقیق مسیرهای مفهومی و تجربی را برای حمایت از سیستم های کشاورزی خرده مالک بویژه دامداران خرد ارایه نموده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Qualitative explanation of consequences and patterns of behavior in rural livestock households facing the risk of Covid-19 (case: Izeh county)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ebrahim Rastgar 1
  • hamideh hatami 2
1 Assistant Professor of Geography Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Master student of Geography and Rural Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The 2019 Covid-19 disease has caused disruptions in the production sectors, including smallholder farming systems and the livestock sector. The lived experiences of livestock farmers in facing the risk of Covid-19 have been advanced with the aim of identifying intervention strategies in current and future systems. This study deals with the understanding of lived experiences and resilient behavior patterns of rural livestock households in the face of the phenomenon of Covid-19 in Izeh city (Khuzestan province). This city is one of the areas with high potential for livestock and agricultural activities. Exploratory research method and data-based theory have been used. The current research has been carried out using qualitative research method, 17 active livestock farmers households with more than 50 animals and through semi-structured interviews. Based on the research data analysis process and scientific coding, 6 core categories include "disruption in the production cycle and household income"; "Intensification of the economic poverty of livestock farmers"; "Drought and seasonal diseases of livestock are resistant areas in the aggravation of the crisis conditions of livestock households"; "Demand and use of microfinance resources is an opportunity to get out of the crisis"; "Functional weakness of support and insurance structures"; And "socio-economic consequences during the severe risk of covid" were extracted. The focal phenomenon of the research is "Covid-19 and spatial inefficiency (structural-functional weakness)". This phenomenon explains that the existence of the risk of covid-19 reveals many institutional, political, economic and managerial inefficiencies in small livestock production systems and double pressures on livestock households. This research has provided conceptual and experimental ways to support smallholder agricultural systems, especially small farmers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Behavioral patterns
  • livestock farming households
  • risk of Covid-19
  • rural areas
  • Izeh county
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