واکاوی ارتباطات و نشر اطلاعات در زمان بحران خشکسالی (دیدگاه کشاورزان شهرستان کرمانشاه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله های برگرفته از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

• لیدا شرفی ¹
• کیومرث زرافشانی ²
• مرضیه کشاورز ³
• حسین آزادی ⁴
• استیون ون پاسل ⁵

¹ دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

² استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

³ دانشیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

⁴ استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه گنت، بلژیک.

⁵ دانشیار گروه مدیریت مهندسی، دانشکده مدیریت مهندسی، دانشگاه آنتورپ، بلژیک.

10.30495/jzpm.2021.24978.3655

چکیده

واکاوی ارتباطات و نشر اطلاعات در زمان بحران خشکسالی
(دیدگاه کشاورزان شهرستان کرمانشاه)
امروزه، جهت‌گیری برنامه‌ریزی‌های خشکسالی به سمت مدیریت ریسک می‌باشد که یکی از عناصر آن، انتشار و انتقال هشدارهای زود هنگام به کشاورزان است. بر اساس شواهد، سازمان‌های مربوطه، نتایج اقدامات تخصصی خود را برای استفاده بهره‌برداران، منتشر نمی‌نمایند یا انتشار این اطلاعات برای بهره‌برداران با کاستی‌های بسیار روبرو است. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی ارتباطات و نشر اطلاعات در زمان خشکسالی در شهرستان کرمانشاه انجام شد. بدین منظور، از روش پیمایشی- توصیفی بهره گرفته شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه شامل کشاورزان گندم‌کار در شهرستان کرمانشاه بودند (31000=N) که با استفاده روش نمونه-گیری خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای، 370 نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود. داده‌ها با بکارگیری از آمار توصیفی تحلیل گردید. نتایج نشان داد کشاورزان جهت دریافت اطلاعات، بیشتر از کانال‌های ارتباطی نظیر تلویزیون، کارشناسان مراکز خدمات جهاد کشاورزی، سازمان هواشناسی، و دوستان و همسایگان بهره می‌گیرند. همچنین، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی، هواشناسی و صدا و سیما نسبتاً بیشترین نقش را در انتقال اطلاعات و هشدارها ایفا نمودند. علاوه بر این، سازمان‌ها، بیشتر ارائه اطلاعات و هشدار را در مرحله بعد از خشکسالی، انجام داده‌اند. بطور کلی نتایج نشان داد که بیشتر سازمان‌های مربوطه در زمینه ارائه اطلاعات و هشدارها چندان مطلوب عمل نمی‌کنند و هماهنگی لازم را در زمینه ندارند. پیشنهاد می‌گردد، سازمان‌های دخیل در امر خشکسالی بصورت یک واحد هماهنگ، با تبادل اطلاعات و هشدارهای تخصصی، اطلاعات مورد نیاز را از طریق کانال‌های معتبر در اختیار کشاورزان قرار دهند.
واژه‌های کلیدی: ارتباطات، خشکسالی، ریسک، سامانه هشدار زود هنگام، نشر اطلاعات.
علاوه بر این، سازمان‌ها، بیشتر ارائه اطلاعات و هشدار را در مرحله بعد از خشکسالی، انجام داده‌اند. بطور کلی نتایج نشان داد که بیشتر سازمان‌های مربوطه در زمینه ارائه اطلاعات و هشدارها چندان مطلوب عمل نمی‌کنند و هماهنگی لازم را در زمینه ندارند. پیشنهاد می‌گردد، سازمان‌های دخیل در امر خشکسالی بصورت یک واحد هماهنگ، با تبادل اطلاعات و هشدارهای تخصصی، اطلاعات مورد نیاز را از طریق کانال‌های معتبر در اختیار کشاورزان قرار دهند.
واژه‌های کلیدی: ارتباطات، خشکسالی، ریسک، سامانه هشدار زود هنگام، نشر اطلاعات.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• ارتباطات
• خشکسالی
• ریسک
• سامانه هشدار زود هنگام
• نشر اطلاعات

20.1001.1.22516735.1401.12.48.16.0

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of communications and information dissemination in drought crisis (View of Farmers of Kermanshah Township)

نویسندگان [English]

• Lida Sharafi ¹
• Kiumars Zarafshani ²
• Marzieh Keshavarz ³
• hossein Azadi ⁴
• Steven Van Passel ⁵

¹ Ph.D. of Agricultural Development, Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Campus of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

² Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension & Education, Campus of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

³ Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Campus of Agricultural, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Assistant professor, Department of Geography, Campus of Geography, Ghent University, Belgium.

⁵ Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Management, Campus of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp, Belgium.

چکیده [English]

Analysis of communications and information dissemination in drought crisis (View of Farmers of Kermanshah Township)

Abstract
Today, drought planning has focused on risk management which one of its elements is dissemination and communication of early warning to farmers. Based on the evidence, the relevant organizations do not publish the results of their specialized actions for the use; or information dissemination face to defects. The purpose of this research was analysis of dissemination and communications during drought in Kermanshah Township. A descriptive survey method used. The study population included wheat farmers in Kermanshah (N = 31000) that 370 samples were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collected by researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that farmers mostly use channels such as television, experts of Jihad Agricultural, Meteorological Organization, and friends and neighbors. Also, according to the findings, the Agricultural Jihad, Meteorology and Sound and Vision Organization played the most important role in warnings dissemination and communication. In addition, warnings have provided in the post-drought phase by organizations. In general, it is concluded that organizations usually act poorly in providing information and warnings; and do not have the necessary coordination. It is suggested that the organizations by exchanging information and warnings, as a coordinated unit, provide the required information to farmers through valid channels.
Keywords: Communication, Drought, Risk, Early Warning System, Information dissemination.
In general, it is concluded that organizations usually act poorly in providing information and warnings; and do not have the necessary coordination. It is suggested that the organizations by exchanging information and warnings, as a coordinated unit, provide the required information to farmers through valid channels.
Keywords: Communication, Drought, Risk, Early Warning System, Information dissemination.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Communication
• Drought
• Risk
• Early Warning System
• Information dissemination

مراجع

• Badsar, M., Fathi, S., Rezaeei, R., Shabanali Famii, H. (2016): The Role of Media in Rural Life Style Changes (The Case of Zanjan Township). Journal of Regional Planning, 6 (24): 153-166.
• Bartlett, J. E., Koterlik, J. W and Higgins, Ch. C. (2001): Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19 (1): 43-50.
• Chang Seng, D. (2010): The Role of risk governance, multi-institutional arrangements and polycentric frameworks for a resilient Tsunami early warning system in Indonesia, PhD dissertation.
• Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA) (2015): International Development Research Centre.
• Early Warning Conference III (EWC III). (2006): Devrloping early warning systems: A checklist, Third International Conference on Early Warning: From concept to action, 27 – 29 March 2006, Bonn, Germany.
• Farahi, A., Fall soleyman, M., Hejipoor, M., Felezi, M., Hagh doost, N. (2014): Development of information technology, government and rural areas (A case study: Villages of South Khorasan Province, Journal of Regional Planning, 4 (14): 76-86.
• Hettiarachchi, S. S. L., and Weeresinghe, S. (2014): Achieving disaster resilience through the Sri Lankan early warning system: Good Practises of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, Economics and Finance, 18: 789-794.
• International Development Research Centre. (2015): Use and communication of climate information to support uptake of adaptation action in the semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia.
• Jafari, M., Razvani, M. R., Faraji Sabokbar, H. A., Ghaderi Masoum, M., Darban Astanah, A. (2020): Analysis of Economic Resilience of Farmers to Drought Impacts (Case Study: Rural Settlements of Fasa County), Journal of Regional Planning, 10 (39): 61-77 (In Persian).
• Jamshidi, R. (2016): Continuity of a decade of drought in stone and water Land, Hamshahri news papar, 17 may 2016 (In Persian).
• Khorasani, M. A., Rasti, H., Rahmani, E. (2016): The Role of Mass Media and Press in Development of Rural Areas (Case Study: West Zarabad Sub-District in Konarak Township). Journal of Regional Planning, 6 (22): 147-164 (In Persian).
• Kolich, H. N. (2014): Risk and emergency communications: How to be heard when the message counts most, Journal of Extension, 52 (6): 1-10.
• Mahboubi, M., Keshiri, H., & Poormahmood, M. Gh. (2008): Effectiveness of Meteorology Information from Viewpoint of Farmers in Golestan Province. Bimonthly Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16 (1): 1-11 (In Persian).
• Oktari, R. S., Munadi, Kh., and and Ridha, M. (2014): Effectiveness of dissemination and communication element of Tsunami early warning system in Aceh, Economics and Finance, 18: 136-142.
• Okwu, O. J. and Daudu, Sh. (2011): Extension communication channels’ usage and preference by farmers in Benue State, Nigeria, Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 3 (5): 88-94.
• Oyero, 0. S. (2010): One to One, to Many to Many. In Akinfeleye, R. A. (ed.). Mass Communication: A Book of Reading. Lagos: Department of Mass Communication, University of Lagos. 14-31.
• Pirmoradian, N., Shamsnia, A., Shahrokhnia, M. (2008): Spatial Monitoring and Analysis of Drought Intensity of 2000-2001 Crop Year in Fars Province Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in Geographic Information System (GIS), Journal of Water Engineering, 1 (2): 65-85 (In Persian).
• Pulwarty, R. S., Olanrewaju, S. and Zorba, P. (2010): Communicating agroclimatological information, including forecasts, for agricultural decisions, guide to agricultural meteorological practices, World Meteorological Organization, 17-1–17-11.
• 19- Raynolds, B., and Seeger, M. (2005): Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model, Journal of Health Communication, 10:43–55.
• Rogers, D., and Tsirkunov, V. (2011): Implementing hazard early warning systems, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR).
• Sayuti, R., Karyadi, W., Yasin I., and Abawi, Y. (2004): Factors affecting the use of climate forecasts in agriculture: a case study of Lombok Island, Indonesia, (ed). Huda A.K.S. and Packham, R.G., Using seasonal climate forecasting in agriculture: a participatory decision-making approach, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) Technical Reports No. 59: 15-21.
• Shamanoan, N. (2010): Investigation into the disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts in Gutu District (Zimbabwe): A focus on drought early warning systems. Master dissertation.
• Sharafi, L. (2017): Modeling Drought Early Warning System in Kermanshah Township. Ph.D. thesis in agricultural development, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Razi University of Kermanshah (In Persian).
• Sharafi, L., and Zarafshani, K. (2014): Drought management strategies of wheat farmers in Kermanshah, Water management in agriculture, 1 (1): 1-12 (In Persian).
• Sharafi, L., Zarafshani, K., Keshavarz, M., Azadi, H., Van Passel, S. (2020): Drought Risk Assessment: Towards Drought Early Warning Systemand Sustainable Environmentin Western Iran, Ecological Indicators, 114: 1-12.
• Sharafi, L., Zarafshani, K., Keshavarz, M., Azadi, H., Van Passel, S. (2020): Analyzing the Production and Information Diffusion Mechanism of Drought Early Warning System (DEWS) in Kermanshah Township, Journal of Rural Research, 10 (4): 743-753 (In Persian)..
• Sheppard, B., Janoske, M., and Liu, B. (2012): Understanding risk communication theory: A guide for emergency managers and communicators, Report to Human Factors/Behavioral Sciences Division, Science and Technology Directorate, U. S. Department of Home Land Security. College Park, MD: START.
• Srinivasan, G., Rafisura, K. M. R., and Subbiah, A. R. (2011): Climate information requirements for community-level risk management and adaptation, Climate Research, 47: 5–12.
• Tripathi, A. (2016). How to encourage farmers to adapt to climate change?, Institute of Economic Growth (IEG), University Enclave, University of Delhi, Working Paper No. 369, www.iegindia.org.
• Wendling, C., Radisch, J., and Jacobzone, S. (2013): The use of social media in risk and crisis communication, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No. 24, OECD Publishing.
• Wilhite, D. A. and Pulwarty, R. s. (2005). Drought and water crisis: Lessons learned and the road ahead. In Wilhite, D. A. (ed.). Drought and Water Crisis: Science, Technology, and Management Issues. Taylor & Francis Group.
• Wilhite, D. A., and Svoboda, M. D. (2000): Drought early warning systems in the context of drought preparedness and mitigation. In: Wilhite, D. A., Svoboda, M. D. and Wood, D. A. Drought Early Warning Systems in the Context of Drought Preparedness and Mitigation, Proceedings of an Expert Group Meeting held in Lisbon, Portugal, 5-7 September 2000. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. P. 1-21.
• Wilhite, D. A., Sivakumar, M. V. K., and Pulwarty, R. (2014): Managing drought Risk in a Changing Climate: The Role of National Drought Policy, Weather and Climate Extremes, 3: 4-13.
• Wilhite, D. A., Svoboda, M. D. and Hayes, M. J. (2007): Understanding the complex impacts of drought: A key to enhancing drought mitigation and preparedness, Water Resource Manage, 21: 763-774.
• McQuail, D., and Windahl, S. (2009): Communication models for the study of mass communications. Translator: Goodarz Mirani, Radio Research Office.
• Zarafshani, K., Sharafi, L., Azadi, H., Hosseininia, Gh., De Maeyer, Ph., and Witlox, F. (2012): Drought vulnerability assessment: The case of Wheat farmers in Western Iran. Global and Planetary Change, 98-99: 122-130.