ارائه مدل راهبردی اشتغال‌زایی و افزایش کسب و کار کشاورزی و روستایی درایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی، واحد مرودشت ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، مرودشت ،ایران

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه پیام نور ، تهران ، ایران

3 استادیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد چالوس ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس ، ایران

چکیده

امروزه، توسعه کارآفرینی از سازنده‌ترین راهکار‌های توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی و فرهنگی مناطق روستایی به حساب می‌آید و از آن به عنوان اکسیری برای اشتغال‌زایی و کاهش فقر یاد می‌شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارائه راهکار‌های واشتغال‌زایی و کارآفرینی در ایران می‌باشد. این پژوهش که در رسته پژوهش‌‌های کاربردی است با روش توصیفی و تحلیلی انجام شده است. روش جمع‌آوری داده‌‌ها، پیمایش میدانی با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه و روش تحلیل داده‌‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 380 نفر از ساکنان روستایی در مناطق مورد مطالعه به صورت تصادفی است. تحلیل داده‌‌ها از طریق آزمون‌‌های تاپسیس و تحلیل AHP صورت گرفته است و نتایج بدست‏آمده حاکی از آن است که از نظر پاسخگویان سه متغیر حمایت گوناگون نهاد‌های مسئول و متولی‌بخش کشاورزی، آگاهی درباره نیاز مصرف‌کنندگان و برداشت به موقع و کاهش تلفات به ترتیب با ضریب اولویت 624/0، 613/0 و 590/0 مهمترین علل گسترش کسب و کار کشاورزی و روستایی و مدل راهبردی اشتغالزایی در محدوده‌‌های مورد مطالعه می‌باشند. از جمله راهکار‌های پیشنهادی، اصلاح قوانین مالیاتی مرتبط با کارآفرینان، تأسیس صندوق‌های حمایت از کارآفرینان در‌بخش کشاورزی، اتخاذ تدابیری جهت کاهش موانع اداری در فرآیندهای کارآفرینی در‌بخش کشاورزی و ایجاد و تقویت مراکز مشاوره‌ای می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Providing a strategic model for job creation and increasing agricultural and rural business in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali shakoor 1
  • ali shojaeifard 2
  • mahtab jafari 3
1 Professor , Dep of Human Geography , Marvdasht Branch , Islamic Azad University , Marvdasht , Iran
2 Assistant Professor , Dep of Entrepreneurship Management , Tehran Branch , Payame Noor University , Tehran , Iran
3 Dep of Geography , Chalous Branch , Islamic Azad University , Chalous , Iran
چکیده [English]

Today , entrepreneur ship development is one of the most constructive strategi es for economic , social and cultural development of rural areas and it is mention ed as an elixir for job creation and poverty reduction . The purpose of this study is to provide strategies for job creation and entrepreneurship in Iran . This research, which is in the field of appli ed research, has been done by descripti ve and analytical methods . Data collection method was field survey using a questionnaire and data analysis method was SPSS software . The statistical population using the Cochran ' s formula is 380 rural residen ts in the study areas at rand om . Data analysis was performed through T O P S I S tests and A H P analysis and the results show that according to the respondents, the three variables of various support of responsible institutions in char ge of agriculture, awareness of consumer needs and timely harvesting and reduction of losses by coefficient, respectively . Priority 0.624, 0.613 and 0.590 are the most important reasons for the expansion of agricultural and rural business and the strategic model of job creation in the study areas . Among the proposed solutions are the reform of tax laws related to entrepreneurs , the establishment of funds to support entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector , the adoption of measures to reduce administrative barriers to entrepreneurial processes in the agricultural sector and the establishment and strengthening of consulting centers .

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Employment creation strategy
  • entrepreneurship
  • increasing agricultural business
  • Iran
  1. Abtin, Abdul Azir, 2011, A Study of New Methods of Entrepreneurship Development in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Social, Economic, Scientific and Cultural Monthly, Labor and Society, 55-75(in persion)
  2. Alison, M.(1990), Entrepreneurship and Economic Transition, Tin Bergen Institute Discussion Paper: Faculty of Economics and Econometrics, University of Amsterdam.
  3. Ameri, Maryam and Sabzizadeh, Soraya, 2017, Entrepreneurship education and job creation in the agricultural sector, the first national conference on institutionalizing entrepreneurship in sustainable development with the approach of higher education, Karun. (in persion)
  4. Anabestani, Ali Akbar and Hosseini Kahnooj, Seyed Reza, 2018, Analysis of key drivers affecting the employment of agro-industrial activities in rural areas of Jiroft, Quarterly Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, 7 (4), 37-58. (in persion)
  5. Azizian, Mohammad Sadegh, Salem, Mohammad Dana and Ebrahimi, Seyed Alireza, 2012, Strategic Entrepreneurship for Rural Employment Development, National Conference on Rural Development, Office of Rural Affairs and Guilan Provincial Councils, University Jihad, Guilan Province, Volume 1. (in persion)
  6. Budget Program Organization, 2016, A Study of Major Labor Market Indicators from 2005 to 2016, Office of Population, Labor and Census and Manpower Group, Prepared by: Alireza Zahedian, Fariba Sadat Bani Hashemi, Nariman Yousefi, Neda Mostafavi, Masoumeh Mohammadi and Mohammad Reza Hatita. (in persion)
  7. Dabson B., Malkin J., Matthews A., Pate K., Stickle S., (2003), Mapping Rural Entrepreneurship, Washington, D.C.:Corp. for Enterprise Development. 68 p.
  8. Ezzati, Morteza, Heidari, Hassan and Moridi, Parvin, 2019, Estimating the effect of economic sanctions on employment in the agricultural sector, Scientific Journal (Quarterly) of Economic Research and Policy, 27 (91), 289-322. (in persion)
  9. Farahani, Hossein and Jahansoozi, Mehri, 2019, Analysis of effective factors on the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas Case study: Damankuh rural district of Esfarayen, Quarterly Journal of Human Settlement Planning Studies, 14 (4), 833-845. (in persion)
  10. Faraji Sabkbar, Hassan Ali; Badri, Sayed Ali; Sajasi Gheidari, Hamdollah; Sadeghloo, Tahereh and Shahdadi Khajeh Asgar, Ali, 2011, Prioritization of Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas Using Prometheus Technique. Suburban rural district of Khodabandeh city of Zanjan province, Human Geography Research, No. 75, 53-68. (in persion)
  11. Gurol Y, Astan N (2006). Entrepreneurial characteristics among university students: Some insight for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey.
  12. J(2005)developing entrepreneurs an examination .of systematic approochs to entrepreneurial development for rural research report.
  13. Herman, E. and M.A. Georgescu. 2012. Employment Strategy for Poverty Reduction. A Romanian Perspective. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58: 406-415.
  14. Jadidi, O., Hong, T.S., Firouzi, F., Yusuff, R.M and Zulkifli, N., (2008): TOPSIS and fuzzy multi-objective model integration for supplier selection problem, journal of Achievements in Manufacturing Engineering 312:762-769. (in persion)
  15. Karimi, Saeed, 2017, Organic Agriculture, Opportunity for Agricultural Entrepreneurship, The First National Conference on Agriculture and Entrepreneurship, February 11, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. (in persion)
  16. Karim, Mohammad Hossein, Safdari Nohad, Mahmoud, Amjadipour, Massoud, 2014, Agricultural Development and Resistance Economy, Oil Alternative, Quarterly Journal of Strategic Policies, Volume 2, Number 6, 103-207. (in persion)
  17. Khosravi Pour, Bahman, Baradaran, Massoud, Ghanian, Mansour, Monfared, Nozar and Goodarzi, Zahra, 2011, A Study of the Necessity and Characteristics of an Entrepreneurial Agricultural Cooperative, Social, Economic, Scientific and Cultural Monthly of Work and Society, No. 135, 46 -54. (in persion)
  18. Khorami, Ahmad Reza, 2017, Realization of economic development through employment in the agricultural sector Case study of Hamadan province, Agricultural Economics and Development, 25 (97), 25-53. (in persion)
  19. Khorami, Ahmad Reza, 2016, Determining the priority and ranking of agricultural and rural activities for economic development of Hamadan province, Agricultural Economics and Development, 24 (94), 191-212. (in persion)
  20. Klagar, Peyman and Aghaei, Maryam, 2014, The role of agricultural entrepreneurship in rural development, Journal of Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 1 (1), 61-83. (in persion)
  21. Kouhestani, Hossein and Salehi Tapouk, Rahman and Habibnejad Lojandi, Samira, 2015, Strategic Entrepreneurship for the Development of Rural Employment, the First National Congress for the Development and Promotion of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science in Iran, Tehran. (in persion)
  22. Mao R., Xu J.and J. Zou (2018). “The Labor Force age Structure and Employment Structure of the Modern Sector”. China Economic Review, NO. 52, pp. 1-15.
  23. Management and Planning Organization (Country Plan and Budget), 2017, Lorestan Province Economic Development and Rural Employment Plan, Lorestan Management and Planning Organization, 1-76. (in persion)
  24. Norton, D R. (2008), “Agricultural Development Policy”, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, The Atriium, Southern Gate, Chchester, West Sussex PO 198SQ, England, pp 3-5.
  25. Naghsh Bustan Gostar Consulting Engineers, 2017, Development of Economic Development and Rural Employment Creating Plan, Subject of Part 1, Clause A, Article 27 of the Law of the Sixth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan, "Villages Targeting the Central Part of Boyer-Ahmad County" Current Status Analysis, 1-33. (in persion)
  26. Rezvani, Mohammad Reza and Moin Mehr, Athena and Mahmoudi, Habib, 2017, Rural Entrepreneurship Development Policies in the European Union, National Conference on Rural Entrepreneurship Development Strategies in Iran, Sabzevar. (in persion)
  27. Rezaei, Bijan, Naderi, Nader and Rostami, Sahar, 2018, The need to develop green entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector, Journal of Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 5 (1), 1-16. (in persion)
  28. Rokanuddin Eftekhari, Abdarreza, Portaheri, Mehdi and Sajasi Gheidari, Hamdollah, 2010, Measuring and evaluating the effective criteria on the performance of ordinary and successful rural farmers: A case study of villages in Khodabandeh city, Human Geography Research, No. 72, 1-16. (in persion)
  29. Saghafi Asl, Arash, Zabrdast, Esfandiar, Majedi, Hamid, 2013, Application of TOPSIS technique in ranking Tehran urban design projects with the approach of measuring feasibility, architecture and urban planning (Fine Arts), 18 (4), 69-78 . (in persion)
  30. Singh, K., Krishna, K.V.S.M. 1994. Agricultural Entrepreneurship: The Concept and Evidence. Journal of Entrepreneurship, New Delhi, Thousand, Oaks, London. 40. Vaidvay, O.S.
  31. Schlutz, T.W. (2004), “Transforming Traditional Agriculture”, New Haven, CT, Yale University, pp 23-24.
  32. Scott, Leslie, et al. (2006), "Creating Entrepreneurial Communities; Lessons from 10 Rural Demonstrations in North Carolina". Available on: http://www.ncruralcenter.org/pubs/comm_demo_report.pdf
  33. Shahed, Seyed Hossein, Fathinia, Ebrahim, 2016, A Study of Rural Empowerment Facilitators in the Entrepreneurship Process with Sustainable Development Approach, International Conference on Management and Entrepreneurship with Emphasis on the Conditions of Resilience Economics, Volume II, International Conference on Management and Entrepreneurship with Emphasis on the conditions of resistance economics. (in persion)
  34. YoncaGurol and NurayAtsan(2006), Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey , Education + Training ,Vol. 48 No. 1.
  35. Valad Beigi, Sivan, 2019, Economic evaluation and measurement of the tropical basin of the west of the country and its employment forecast with a share change model, Haft Hesar Environmental Studies, 27 (7), 43-54. (in persion)

 

  1. amar.org.ir
  2. Zargoosh, Alireza and Mozaffari, Mehdi, 2015, The role of entrepreneurship in achieving sustainable rural employment, an effective step in implementing the vision document 1400, Social, Economic, Scientific and Cultural Monthly of Work and Society, No. 187, 4-9. (in persion)