جُستاری در ارزیابی اقدامات نوسازی بافت‌های فرسوده شهری ایران (در قیاس با تجارب نوسازی جهانی) در راستای توجه به اهداف توسعه پایدار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• طاهره نصر

استادیار گروه شهرسازی و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

       فرسودگی ساختمان­ها و محله­ها در نابرابری میان «خدمات عرضه شده توسط بافت و نیاز امروز» نمود می­یابد. بافت­های فرسوده شهری که ساکنان بسیاری را نیز در خود جای داده است دارای شرایط بحرانی می­باشند. بافت­های فرسوده شهری در فرایند زمانی شکل گرفته و امروزه در محاصره تکنولوژی عصر حاضر و توسعه شهری جدید گرفتار شده­اند و از لحاظ ساختاری و عملکردی دچار کمبودهایی می­باشند که نمی­توانند جوابگوی نیاز ساکنین خود باشند. آسیب­پذیری خانه­های بافت­های فرسوده در برابر زلزله کاملا جدی است. زیرساخت­های بافت فرسوده از متوسط شهر بسیار کمتر است و فقر اقتصادی در بافت­های فرسوده، توان مشارکت و نظارت مردم را سلب کرده است. در توسعه پایدار شهرها، توجه به بافت­های فرسوده و نوسازی و بهسازی آنها بسیار قابل توجه می‌باشد. هدف اصلی این نوشتار بررسی توانمندسازی بافت­های فرسوده می­باشد و در این راستا ضمن مروری بر تعاریف فرسودگی از منظر علمی و حقوقی، نوسازی بافت­های فرسوده به عنوان یکی از مؤلفه­های قابل توجه در توسعه پایدار مورد بررسی قرار می­گیرد. لذا پس از مروری تاریخی بر نوسازی بافت­های فرسوده جهانی، به بررسی آن در ایران پرداخته و ضمن آسیب­شناسی آن در تاریخ کشور، به ارائه پیشنهادات این امر در بافت­های شهری امروز می­پردازد. این تحقیق بر اساس نوع داده­ها و متغیرها، تحقیقی کیفی است. روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی- تحلیلی و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به صورت میدانی- اسنادی می‌باشد. متغیر مستقل تحقیق با توجه به موضوع پژوهش، بافت­های فرسوده شهری و متغیر وابسته نیز نوسازی و بهسازی بافت­های فرسوده است. در این راستا توجه به مفهوم نوسازی و بهسازی بافت­های فرسوده به عنوان ابزاری برای توسعه پایدار در نظر گرفته شده‌است. در مرحله بعد ضمن تحلیل مطالعات صورت گرفته به ارائه مدل پیشنهادی در راستای توجه به توسعه پایدار با استفاده از ابزار پیشنهادی (نوسازی) پرداخته می‌شود. نتایج حاصل حاکی از این است که مشکلاتی در راستای عدم تحقق نوسازی وجود دارد که شاید بتوان آن را در سطوح ساختاری، نهادی، خردی که از اهداف توسعه پایدار می­باشد، بررسی نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• فرسودگی
• بافت‌های فرسوده شهری
• زیرساخت‌ها
• نوسازی و بهسازی
• توسعه پایدار

20.1001.1.22516735.1396.7.27.14.1

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Renovation Measures for Urban Deteriorated Fabrics in Iran (in Comparison to Global Renovation Experiences) in Line with the Objectives of Sustainable Development

نویسنده [English]

• T Nasr

چکیده [English]

       Deteriorated of buildings and neighborhoods is characterized by inequality between "services supplied by the fabric and current needs”. Urban deteriorated fabrics which host many residents are facing a critical situation. Urban deteriorated fabrics have been formed overtime and they are now surrounded by new technology and new urban development. Besides, such areas suffer some structural and functional deficiencies and thus they can’t meet the needs of their residents. Vulnerability of houses in deteriorated fabrics to earthquake is quite serious. Infrastructures of urban blighted areas are much less developed than the other parts of the city on average, and economic poverty deteriorated fabrics does not allow people to participate in and monitor the development process. Paying attention to deteriorated fabrics and their renovation and regeneration is of high important for sustainable development of cities. The main objective of this study is to explore potential capabilities of urban deteriorated fabrics. Reviewing some definitions of deterioration from an academic and legal perspective, this study also investigate the renovation of deteriorated fabrics as one of the considerable components in sustainable development. After a historical review of the renovation of global deteriorated fabrics, the renovation and pathology of urban deteriorated fabrics in Iran are taken into account. This study is a qualitative research in terms of research variables and the data used to this end, a descriptive-analytical. The research method is employed and the data are collected through field-documentary techniques. The independent variable is urban deteriorated fabrics and the dependent variable is renovation/rehabilitation of deteriorated fabrics. In this light, renovation/rehabilitation of deteriorated fabrics is taken as a tool to achieve sustainable development. Furthermore, based on a review of the literature, a model is proposed to achieve sustainable development using the proposed measures (renovation). The results show that there are some problems that can account for the failure of renovation measures and they can be explored at structural, institutional, and rational levels as the goals of sustainable development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Deterioration
• Urban Deteriorated Fabrics
• Infrastructures
• Renovation and Rehabilitation
• Sustainable Development

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