مقایسه تطبیقی جایگاه مناطق کشور بر مبنای توسعه ی دانش محور

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 پژوهشگر دوره دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

موضوع نوآوری و خلق دانش یک حوزه پژوهشی مهم در برنامه­ریزی توسعه منطقه­ای محسوب می­شود. بسیاری از کشورها به اهمیت این موضوع پی برده و به تقویت بخش‌های دانش محور اقتصادی پرداخته‌اند. در کشور ما نیز طی سالهای گذشته اقداماتی در راستای توسعه مبتنی بر دانش صورت گرفته و متأثر از آن، تحولاتی در فضای سرزمینی کشور و نقش و جایگاه استان‌ها در فرایند این تغییر و تحول، در حال شکل‌گیری است. با در نظر گرفتن این تحولات، هدف اصلی این مقاله، مقایسه تطبیقی جایگاه مناطق مختلف کشور در توسعه دانش محور می باشد. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با روش تحقیق کمی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از داده‌های آماری موجود و از طریق ابزار GIS و تحلیل‌های فازی و سلسله مراتبی (AHP) موجود در آن و نیز نرم افزار SPSS، به تحلیل پیامدهای این تغییر و تحولات پرداخته و تلاش نموده است تا جایگاه استان‌های کشور را در فرایند توسعه دانش محور مشخص نماید. برای این منظور با توجه به معیارهای مورد استفاده در مطالعات مشابه و همچنین با توجه به امکان دسترسی به داده‌ها و اطلاعات مربوط به این معیارها، در نهایت 15 نماگر در 4 گروه شاخص انتخاب، و بر این اساس 31 استان کشور رتبه بندی شده که نتایج، حاکی از عدم تعادل شدید میان مناطق کشور در زمینه ظرفیت توسعه مبتنی بر دانش است. مناطق مرکزی کشور دارای وضعیت بهتری بوده و هر چه به سمت پیرامون می­رویم شرایط به سمت بدتر شدن حرکت می‌کند. در این میان، استان تهران با فاصله بسیار زیادی از دیگر استان‌ها در رتبه نخست قرار گرفته و پس از آن استان‌های قم، سمنان و اصفهان در رتبه‌های دوم تا چهارم قرار دارند. همچنین سه استان کردستان، سیستان و بلوچستان، و خراسان شمالی به ترتیب رتبه‌های بیست و نهم تا سی و یکم را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. این روند نشان دهنده نابرابری­های فضایی در توسعه دانش محور است که ضرورت و لزوم بازنگری سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌ریزی برای کاهش فاصله میان مناطق کشور را در میان سیاستگزاران کشور بازتاب می‌دهد.                                   

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Analysis on Knowledge-Oriented Development Process in Iran Regions

نویسندگان [English]

  • hashem dadshpour 1
  • zahed yousefi 2
چکیده [English]

The innovation and knowledge creation is a vital and extensive research area in the contemporary regional development planning. Many countries have realized the importance of this issue and have tried to strengthen the knowledge-based sectors of the economy. As well, we have taken steps to a knowledge-based development in the past years in Iran. Consequently, some changes in the country and the role of the Provinces in the process of this change are being emerged. Considering these changes, the main objective of this paper is to assess and compare the role of knowledge in the 31 Iran Provinces to realize the role and importance of knowledge in each Province. This study, with descriptive-analytical research method and using available statistical data (mostly the year 1390), by using fuzzy and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis tools in ArcGIS as well as SPSS analytical tools, has investigated the implications of these changes and attempts to determine the position of the each Province in the process of knowledge-based development. For this purpose, according to the criteria used in similar studies, as well as with regard to access to data and information relating to these measures, 15 indicators were selected in 4 index groups. Accordingly, 31 provinces were ranked and classified into six clusters using cluster analysis. The results show that there is a sever imbalance between the Provinces in potential of the knowledge-based development. Tehran, far from other provinces, is in the first place, and then the provinces of Qom, Isfahan, and Semnan are located in rank 2 to 4. Also, at the bottom of the ranking table, three provinces of Kurdistan, Sistan and Baluchistan, and North Khorasan are located in 29 to 31 places, respectively. This trend reflects the formation of center-periphery relations in the spatial knowledge-based development that implies the necessity of reviewing policies and programs among policymakers to reduce the gaps between county’s regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Regional Development
  • Knowledge Regions
  • Knowledge-Based Development
  • fuzzy logic
  • GIS

مراجع

  1. Boekema, F., & Rutten, R. (2003). “Economic geography of higher education: Knowledge, infrastructure and learning regions” Routledge.
  2. Boschma, R. (2005). “Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment”. Regional studies, 39(1), 61-74.
  3. Cooke, P. N., & Piccaluga, A. (2004). “Regional economies as knowledge laboratories”. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  4. Corona, L., Doutriaux, J., & Mian, S. A. (2006). “Building knowledge regions in North America: Emerging technology innovation poles”. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  5. Dadashpoor, H & Ahmadi, F. (2010). “Regional Competitiveness as a new Approach to Regional Development”. Development Strategy, 22(1), 51-80. (in Persian)
  6. Dadashpoor, H., (2009). “Industrial clusters, learning, Innovation and regional development”. Development Strategy, (18), 53-72 (in Persian)
  7. Dadashpoor, H., (2011). “The new theories and models of clusterd regional development”. Political & Economic Ettelaat. (285), 272-285 (in Persian)
  8. Dadashpoor, H., and Alizadeh, B., and Madani, B., (2011). “Examining and analyzing the development trends and spatial inequalities in the counties of the West Azerbaijan”. Journal of Social Sciences, (53), 173-207 (in Persian)
  9. Dadashpoor, H., and Alizadeh, S., and Rafeian, M., (2013). “The Evaluation of Development Levels and Spatial Inequalities in Northern Khorasan Province with Using Fuzzy Logic Model”. Geography and Regional Development Reseach Journal, (21), 103-120 (in Persian)
  10. Dadashpoor, H., and Dadejani, M., (2015). “Identyfing and prioritizing the radical factors influencing regional competitiveness; case study: Kurdistan Province”. Jurnal of Regional Planning, 5(19), 27-42 (in Persian)
  11. Dadashpoor, H., and Fathjalali, A., (2013). “Analyzing regional specialization and spatial concentration patterns of industries in Iran”. Jurnal of Regional Planning, 3(11), 1-18 (in Persian)
  12. Dadashpoor, H., and Taghidokht, H., (2011). “Investigating the Role of Intra-firm Resources in Improving Networking and their Innovation Capabilities in Tabriz Metropolitan Region”. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 4(4), 1-12 (in Persian)
  13. Dadashpoor, H., and Taghidokht, H., (2011). “The Role of Intra-reginal networks in Improving firms capabilities in Tabriz Metropolitan Region”. Social Development & Welfare Planing, (6), 175-202 (in Persian)
  14. De Bruijn, P., & Lagendijk, A. (2005). “Regional innovation systems in the Lisbon strategy”. European Planning Studies, 13(8), 1153-1172.
  15. European Commission Report. (2003). Retrieved 12-Sep-2014, from http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/key_documents/reports_2003_en.htm
  16. Foddi, M., Paci, R., & Colombelli, A. (2011). “The knowledge regions in the enlarged Europe”. Paper presented at the ERSA conference papers.
  17. Gabrielsson, N., Heydebreck, P., & Domeji, O. (2010). “Facilitating Innovation and the Transfer of Knowledge and Technology; Towards a New Spatial Agenda for the North Sea Region”. Stockholm: Agder Research Foundation.
  18. Ghandi, H., Nobakht, S., Mousakhani, M. (2013). “Measuring the condition of regional development among the cities of east-Azerbaijan Province”. Quarterly journal of Cultural-Soial Strategy, (6), 8-98. (in Persian)
  19. Goldstein, H., Peer, V., & Sedlacek, S. (2013). “Vienna as a Region of Knowledge: Increasing the Generation of University Spin-offs “. Vienna: Vienna Chamber of Commerce.
  20. Harding, A. (2007). “Bright satanic mills: universities, regional development and the knowledge economy”. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
  21. Huggins, R., Izushi, H., Prokop, D., & Thompson, P. (2014). “Regional evolution and waves of growth: A knowledge-based perspective”. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(12), 5573-5586.
  22. Kaskinen, J., Ahvenainen, M., Rodenhäuser, B., Daheim, C., Van Doren, P., & Ropars, G. (2006). “Rethinking Regional Performance In The Knowledge Society”. Foresight as a Tool for European Regions, FFRC Publications, 1.
  23. Luis, M. (2010). “Research Universities and the Knowledge Region. Paper presented at the International Regions Benchmarking Consortium”, Fukuoka, Japan. Retrieved 12-Sep, 2014, from http://www.psrc.org/assets/4302/Knowledge_Regions.pdf
  24. Lundvall, B.-ä., & Johnson, B. (1994). “The learning economy. Journal of industry studies”, 1(2), 23-42.
  25. Maleki, S., & Shaikhi, H. (2009). "Analysis and categorization of indexes and determinig developmnt priorities in provinces of the country using the method of agent analysis and cluster analysis". Geography and planning, (14), 61-86. (in Persian)
  26. Misaghi, S., & Fallahzadeh, S. (2013). "Programming and planning science and technology parks, with emphasis on regional prefrences:  th case of Mazandaran Province". Journal of sience and technology policy, 6(2), 39-60 (in Persian)
  27. OECD. (2011).   Retrieved 12-Sep, 2014, from http://www.oecd.org/
  28. Rahnamaei, M. T., and Vosoughlang, Sh., (2013). “An analysis on regional development in Iran from viewpoint of political economy”. Geography Jurnal, (39), 33-51 (in Persian)
  29. Research, E. C. D.-G. f., & Investigación, C. E. D. G. d. (2005). “Regions of Knowledge: A Pilot Action : Bringing Regions Faster Into the Knowledge Economy”. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
  30. Rutten, R. (2005). “Knowledge and innovation in regional industry: an entrepreneurial coalition”. Routledge.
  31. Shahnazi, R., & Jamshidi, M., & Akbari, N. (2013). “The role of sience based eonomy on formation of science and technology regions: the case of Iran eonomy”. Roshd -e- Fanavari, 9(36), 2-10 (in Persian)
  32. Shaikhi, H., & Shahivandi, A. (2012). “Analysis of regional development and urban system classification in region of Zagros”. Quarterly Journal of the Spatial Planning, (6), 21-40. (in Persian)                                         
  33. Sleutjes, B. (2013). “The hard and soft side of European knowledge regions” (pp. 163-187)
  34. Statistical Center of Iran, year books of statistics (1996-2016). (in Persian)
  35. Tavakolinia, J. and Shali, M. (2012): “Regional disparities in Iran”. Quarterly Environmental based Territorial Planning (Amayesh), 5(18), 1-15 (in Persian)
  36. Ter Weel, B., Gelauff, G. M., & van der Horst, A. (2010). “The Netherlands of 2040”. CPB.
  37. Zarrabi, A., & Izadi, M. (2013). “Analysis of regional development of provines of the country”. Spatial Planning, 8(1), 101-116. (in Persian).

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 آذر 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 آذر 1395

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار