نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، واحد یادگارامام خمینی (ره)، شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
One of the most important solutions in the direction of sustainable rural development is the growth and development of entrepreneurship in rural areas. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method along with documentary, library and field studies, deals with the spatial modeling of entrepreneurial solutions in rural areas of Foman city and aims to This study is to identify and introduce entrepreneurial villages, identifyentrepre neurial potentials, investigate and analyze the factors influencing entrepreneurship and provide suggestions in the field of actualizing entrepreneurial potentials in Fuman city. The statistical population of the current study is all rural households in Foman city.The population is a sample of entrepreneurial villages and other villages of the city,and all entrepreneurial households were evaluated using a questionnaire to be compared with other villages.There were 156 inhabited villages, which were conducted using questionnaires and interviews with local managers in full. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability,and the reliability of the above questionnaire was 0.87, which indicates very good reliability. In order to analyze the findings, spss software and Moran's local statistics method I have been used. The results of field studies and investigation of the situation in the rural areas of the city show that out of the 156 inhabited villages of Foman city,42villages have registered their type of entrepreneurship and the number of 116 people They are entrepreneurs in different jobs. Alsoin a survey of 156 people of the statistical population, more than 80 percent of the respondents believe that the identification of potential villages in the rural areas of Foman city and the creation of entrepreneurial potentials and capabilities in the city,the suitable atmosphere of the village and the presence of tourists in creating business New has a moderate, high and very large impact. Finally spatial modeling of entrepreneurship in the villages of Foman city from the perspective of entrepreneurial solutions(cultural-educational,financial and social) showed that the prevailing pattern is random and non-random behavior in some rural areas is It has been limited that these behaviors with local Moran's I statistic in various clustered and non-clustered forms, i.e. high-high (HH), low-low(LL), high-low(HL)and low-high(LH).
Extended Abstract
Introduction
in recent years, one of the basic problems of our country is the backwardness of villages and the migration of villagers to urban areas, the main cause of which is economic issues, especially access to employment, which has many problems such as marginalization, reduction in quality of life, lack of employment, increase crime in cities. Therefore, the main goal of implementing various programs in rural areas is to achieve rural development, and one of the main goals of development is to reduce unemployment, create and increase job opportunities. Unemployment and lack of job opportunities, The result is the inequality between the supply and demand of labor or the labor market in the villages. On the other hand, the decrease in the growth of the agricultural sector in rural areas and the decrease in the number of employees (23.4 percent decrease) show the fact that in the future, the development of agriculture alone It cannot guarantee economic growth in the country's villages and eradicate poverty, and it seems necessary to pay attention to other sectors besides the agricultural sector. Studies have shown that the rural areas of Iran are facing many problems in the field of employment, and Foman city is no exception. And from the point of view of many researchers, the lack of entrepreneurial opportunities is one of the most important obstacles to achieving sustainable development in these areas. The important point is that despite the increasing importance of the phenomenon of entrepreneurship and its role in the global economy in our country, it has been less addressed. Issues such as the existence of a young population and the problem of employment and unemployment, the need to pay more attention to entrepreneurship Therefore, Fuman is one of the cities that, despite special tourist attractions such as Masuleh and Rudkhan Castle, unique environmental potentials, rivers and rice fields and other environmental potentials, has always had many problems in the field of youth employment and unemployment in its rural areas. This, along with some geographical factors, has caused the city to face the sale of fertile agricultural land (change of use) and the migration of villagers to nearby cities and the arrival of non-native people to this city. Considering its role in the economy of Vastan city, a village can only clarify issues such as the presence of a young population, creating employment and the need to pay more attention to entrepreneurship. Therefore, this research seeks to address the spatial pattern of entrepreneurial solutions in the western rural areas of Gilan province in Fuman city and provide a solution.
Methodology
The purpose of the current research is the spatial model of entrepreneurship solutions in the rural areas of the west of Gilan province (a case study of Fuman city). The research method is descriptive-analytical, using survey, library and document methods. The statistical population under study is all the residents of rural areas of Foman city, which according to the last general census of the country in 2015, has 18,675 households and 54,432 rural population (general population and housing census, Foman city, 2015). Entrepreneurs in this research are all villagers who are engaged in a job apart from agriculture and horticulture and earn money. Therefore, all the residents of the rural areas of Foman city are included in this research, and due to the specificity of the statistical population under study, the entire population was used and the sample size was 156 local administrators, including councilors and literate people in the above areas. The measuring instrument of the questionnaire was made by the researcher, the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the panel of experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the quantitative reliability of the questionnaire. In order to measure the views of the residents regarding the mentioned components, the local Moran's I method was used.
Results and Discussion
In this part of the research, the spatial solutions and criteria of entrepreneurship have been analyzed from a spatial point of view using local Moran's I statistic. In this method, the characteristics of entrepreneurship in rural areas in Fuman city are random, scattered and clustered. investigation and finally the type of dominant pattern was determined. In the following, entrepreneurship solutions (including cultural-educational, financial and social) and spatial criteria of entrepreneurship (including location and factors influencing social location) are investigated using the I statistics of local residents. In fact, entrepreneurial solutions in the villages of Foman city were divided into three separate components, i.e. cultural-educational, financial and social components. Spatial analysis of the cultural-educational component as an entrepreneurial solution shows the formation of two high-high patterns. (HH) and Lower-Lower (LL) are in the east and north of the city. Of course, the HH and LL patterns include 4 and 3 villages, respectively, and the rest of the villages follow a random pattern.
In the field of entrepreneurship solutions, the spatial analysis of the financial component, i.e. the financial support of the government through granting loans, as well as awareness in the field of obtaining self-employment loans, showed that the general pattern governing the villages of the city is also random, and two villages located in the east of the city are of the above pattern. Bala (HH) as well as five villages located in its north follow the bottom-bottom pattern.
Finally, the spatial analysis of the spatial criteria of entrepreneurship in Foman city shows that the random pattern dominates most of the villages in the city from the perspective of location criteria. In the western part of the city, four villages and two villages in the eastern part of the city follow the cluster pattern and three Its village also follows the high-low pattern (HL) and one of its villages follows the low-low pattern (LL). However, the general behavior governing the location criterion, which includes compatibility, desirability, efficiency, comfort and health and Safety is of a random type. In the same direction, the spatial analysis of the effective factors in social positioning shows that the random pattern dominates the villages of the city and there is a high-high (HH) pattern in four villages and two villages.
Conclusion
The author's field studies and interviews with local managers in the rural areas of Foman show that the majority of the villages in Foman have entrepreneurship and economically provide a part of their household income. Also, this is more intense in some villages and the number and type of entrepreneurship is different and more. It is from other villages. Of course, many factors have an effect on this matter, and the influence of geographical factors can be considered more in this matter. In other words, the spatial analysis of the spatial criteria of entrepreneurship in Foman city shows that the random pattern dominates most of the villages in the city in terms of location criteria. In the western part of the city, four villages and two villages in the east of the city follow the cluster pattern and three villages follow the cluster pattern. High-Low (HL) and its one village follow the Low-Low (LL) pattern. But the general behavior that governs the location criterion, which includes compatibility, desirability, efficiency, comfort, health, and safety, is of a random type. In this regard, the spatial analysis of the effective factors in social localization shows that the random pattern dominates the villages of the city and In four villages there is a top-top model (HH) and two villages. And finally, spatial-spatial modeling of entrepreneurship in the villages of Foman city from the perspective of entrepreneurship solutions (cultural-educational, financial and social) and the spatial criteria of entrepreneurial rural areas (locating criteria and effective factors in social positioning, including potentials and limitations) showed that the ruling pattern was random and non-random behavior was limited in some rural areas, and these behaviors were clustered and non-clustered with Moran's I statistic. That is, high-high (HH), low-low (LL), high-low (HL) and low-high (LH) have appeared.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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