نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 چابهار دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار گروه اقتصاد
2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شیراز
3 اداره مالیات و دارایی
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Explanation of the problem: Ensuring sustainable development is an important issue all over the world and the main reason behind it is the pattern of economic growth. Economic growth led by globalization or the tourism industry may be ecologically sustainable because globalization or tourism may not be used as a tool.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of economic growth, globalization, and tourism on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, and ecological footprints in OPEC countries during 1995-2018.
Study methodology: in this research, in order to investigate the role of globalization and tourism on the environment, inter-group and combined inter-group methods (PMG and MG) are used, and Excel and Stata 16 software are used for calculations and estimation of models.
Findings: The results show that economic growth causes environmental degradation, while the existence of the Kuznets environmental curve is also valid. In addition, it was found that tourism has created negative environmental impacts, while globalization has had positive environmental externalities. Based on the results of the research, it was suggested that globalization policies should be implemented considering environmental standards.
Explanation of the problem: Ensuring sustainable development is an important issue all over the world and the main reason behind it is the pattern of economic growth. Economic growth led by globalization or the tourism industry may be ecologically sustainable because globalization or tourism may not be used as a tool.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of economic growth, globalization, and tourism on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, and ecological footprints in OPEC countries during 1995-2018.
Study methodology: in this research, in order to investigate the role of globalization and tourism on the environment, inter-group and combined inter-group methods (PMG and MG) are used, and Excel and Stata 16 software are used for calculations and estimation of models.
Findings: The results show that economic growth causes environmental degradation, while the existence of the Kuznets environmental curve is also valid. In addition, it was found that tourism has created negative environmental impacts, while globalization has had positive environmental externalities.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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