تحلیل بازدارنده‌های شکل‌گیری تشکل‌های غیر‌دولتی در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی شهرستان جوانرود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
با وجود نقش فزاینده تشکل‌های غیر‌دولتی در توسعه اقتصادی و سایر بخش‌ها، رشد و پایداری این گونه سازمان‌ها در بسیاری از کشورها، به ویژه در سطح محلی با چالش و بازدارندگی رو‌به‌رو است. از این رو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل بازدارنده‌های شکل‌گیری تشکلهای غیر‌دولتی، با روش توصیفی – تحلیلی، در سطح30 روستا(معادل 2147 خانوار) و 300 خانوار نمونه روستاهای شهرستان جوانرود صورت گرفت. ابزار اصلی گردآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بوده است. در این راستا برای طراحی پرسشنامه ، براساس مطالعات مختلف و با توجه به شرایط جامعه ایران و منطقه مورد مطالعه، بازدارندهها(متغیر اثرگذار) در قالب 7 مؤلفه (اقتصادی، ساختاری، فرهنگی-اجتماعی، زیرساختی، آموزشی، فردی و روانشناختی)و 54 گویه، و شکل‌گیری تشکل‌های غیردولتی در ابعاد اقتصادی اجتماعی و محیطی(متغیر اثرپذیر) در قالب 11 گویه شناسایی، و در طیف لیکرت طراحی شد. به منظور سنجش روایی پرسشنامه از روش صوری و برای سنجش پایایی آن از روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. مقدار آلفای به دست آمده برای هر یک از متغیرها و شاخص‌های پژوهش(بین 721/0 تا 901/0) نشان داد، پرسشنامه از پایایی لازم برخوردار است. داده های گردآوری شده در نرم‌افزار SPSS کدگذاری و از طریق روش تحلیل مسیر، آثار مستقیم و غیر‌مستقیم هر یک از بازدارنده‌ها در شکل‌گیری تشکلهای غیر‌دولتی در سطح روستاهای نمونه، مورد سنجش و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافتههای حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد، به غیر از مؤلفه روانشناختی که تنها دارای اثر مستقیم بوده است، دیگر مؤلفهها دارای اثر مستقیم و غیر‌مستقیم و همچنین ضریب همبستگی بالا و معکوس در شکل‌گیری تشکلهای غیردولتی بوده است. در این‌راستا، بیشترین تأثیر مربوط به مؤلفه ساختار سیاسی(689/0-) و آموزشی(687/0-) و کمترین آثار مربوط به مؤلفه روانشناختی(171/0-) بوده است . از این رو با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش، در گام نخست، تغییر رویکردها از "بالا به پایین" و "حکومت‌محور"، به سمت رویکردهای "پایین به بالا" و "اجتماع‌محور"، تعریف جایگاه تشکل‌های_های غیردولتی در نظام سیاستگذاری و برنامه‌ریزی کشور، و همچنین آموزش مولد و هدفمند روستاییان به دلیل میزان اهمیت و اثرگذاری مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بر دیگر مؤلفه‌ها، در راستای شکل‌گیری تشکل_های غیر‌دولتی مورد تأکید می‌باشد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Barriers of the formation of non-governmental organizations in rural settlements of Javanrood township

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nahideh Mohamadi 1
  • bijan rahmani 2
  • naser shafie 3
1 PhD student in Geography and Rural Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Despite the growing role of NGOs in economic development and other sectors, The growth and sustainability of such organizations in many countries, especially at the local level, is challenging and deterrent. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying, measuring and evaluating the Barriers of the formation of non-governmental organizations, by descriptive-analytical method, in 30 villages (equivalent to 2147 households) and 300 sample rural households in Javanrood township.Therefore, for designing a questionnaire, based on various studies and according to the conditions of Iranian society and the region under study, inhibitors (effective variables) in the form of 7 indicators (economic, structural, socio-cultural, infrastructure, educational, individual and psychological) and 54 items. The rate of formation of non-governmental organizations in socio-economic and environmental dimensions (effective variable) was identified in the form of 11 items and designed in the Likert scale.The collected data were encoded in SPSS software and through path analysis method, the direct and indirect effects of inhibitory indicators on the formation of non-governmental organizations in the sample villages were assessed and evaluated. The findings of the study showed that, Except for the psychological index, which had only a direct effect effect, Other indicators have had a direct and indirect effect as well as a high and inverse correlation coefficient in the formation of non-governmental organizations. In this regard, the most impact was related to the index of political structure (-0.689) and the least impact was related to the socio-cultural index (-0.222) and psychological (-0.171). Therefore, according to the research findings, in the first step, the change of approaches from "top to bottom" and " state-baced " to "bottom-up" and "community-based" approaches, defining the position of. Non-governmental organizations in the policy-making and planning system of the country, as well as productive and purposeful education of stakeholders due to the importance and direct and indirect impact on other indicators, is necessary for the formation of non-governmental organizations.Keywords: NGOs, Barriers, Rural Settlements, Javanrood township

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: NGOs
  • Barriers
  • Rural Settlements
  • Javanrood township

مراجع

  1. Abay, H. H., Tessema, F. G., & Gebreegziabher, A. H. (2014). External factors affecting the growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Ethiopia: a case study in Shire Indasselassie Town, Tigray. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(34), 134-145.‏
  2. Agba, A. M., Akpanudoedehe, J. J., & Stephen, O. (2014). Financing Poverty Reduction Programmes in Rural Areas of Nigeria: The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). International Journal of Democratic and Development Studies (IJDDS), 2(1), 1-16.‏
  3. Aragon, F., & Kabdiyeva, A. (2012). Management issues for improving NGO sustainability in Kazakhstan. World Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 31-40.‏
  4. Azimi A, J (2011), Analysis of Good Governance in Rural Sustainability (Case Study: Villages of Mazandaran Province), PhD Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Humanities.
  5. Banks, N., & Hulme, D. (2012). The role of NGOs and civil society in development and poverty reduction. Brooks World Poverty Institute Working Paper, (171).‏
  6. Basheer, M. F. (2017). Empowering women through micro finance: a case of Pakistan. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(2), 101-108.‏
  7. Brohman, Jan (2002), Populist Development (Rethinking the theory and Practice of Development), Volume I, Translators, Eftekhari, A, R, and Tavakoli M, Commercial Publishing.
  8. Collins, D, Morduch, J, Rutherford, S, & Ruthven, O. (2009). Portfolios of the poor: How the world's poor live on $2 a day. Princeton University Press
  9. Daneshmehr, H. Ahmad, R, R. (2009), A Study of Villagers' Attitudes Towards Social Participation (Case Study: Dsheh Village of Paveh Township), Rural Development Quarterly, Vol. 1, pp. 129-155.
  10. Emdadi, A; Mahboubi, M. and Abdullahzadeh, Gh. (2017), Barriers to Rural Development Cooperatives for Self-Governance and Self-Reliance of Rural Society, 7th National Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, Mehr Arvand Higher Education Institute.
  11. Enyioko, N. (2012). Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Rural Development: A Study of the Six Listed NGOs in Rivers State, Nigeria. Nigeria (November 21, 2012).‏
  12. Forester, J. (1999). The deliberative practitioner: Encouraging participatory planning processes. Mit Press.
  13. Giampiccoli, A., & Mtapuri, O. (2012). Community-based tourism: An exploration of the concept (s) from a political perspective. Tourism Review International, 16(1), 29-43.
  14. Gosh, Biswajit (2009). "NGOs, Civil Society and Social Reconstruction in Contemporary India". Journal of Developing Societies.
  15. Greatbanks, R., Elkin, G., & Manville, G. (2010). The use and efficacy of anecdotal performance reporting in the third sector. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(6), 571-585.‏
  16. Heratifard, S (2019), The effects of empowerment of local tourism stakeholders on the sustainability of rural settlement development in Asara district, Karaj township, PhD thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University.
  17. Kajimbwa, M. 2006. NGOs and their role in the global south. The International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law, 9(1), December 2006. [Online] Available:
  18. Karimi, A (2012), Analysis of effective geomorphological features in the sustainability of Javanrood township, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University.
  19. Kongolo, M., & Bamgose, O. O. (2002). Participation of rural women in development: A case study of Tsheseng, Thintwa, and Makhalaneng villages, South Africa. Journal of International Women's Studies, 4(1), 79-92.‏
  20. Lewis, D. (2001). NGOS and management: Searching for new models or reinventing the wheel. Center for civil society in London of economics.
  21. Lewis, D. (2005). The Management of Non-governmental Development Organizations (NGO's): Towards a Composite Approach. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 1(2), 149-166.‏
  22. Makhmutova, M, and Akhmetova, A 2011, Civil Society in Kazakhstan, Almaty: Civicus.
  23. Management and Planning Organization of Kermanshah Province, (2017), Statistical Yearbook of Kermanshah Province (2017), Publications of the Planning and Budget Organization of the country.
  24. Ministry of Interior (2016), Regulations of Non-Governmental Organizations, Printing and Publishing Offic.
  25. Monfared, N (2016), "Finding the grounds for the formation of women's cooperatives and examining the problems of women's presence in cooperatives: a case study in Bushehr province", Journal of Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, Vol. 1, pp. 17-33.
  26. Morgan, J. (2016). Participation, empowerment and capacity building: Exploring young people's perspectives on the services provided to them by a grassroots NGO in sub-Saharan Africa. Children and Youth Services Review, 65, 175-182.‏
  27. Njoroge, G.B. 2013. An investigation on the factors influencing sustainability of NGOs in Kenya. Masters of Science thesis. Nairobi: University of Nairobi
  28. Okorley, E. L., & Nkrumah, E. E. (2012). Organisational factors influencing sustainability of local non-governmental organisations: Lessons from a Ghanaian context. International Journal of Social Economics, 39(5), 330-341.
  29. Pimoljinda, T., & Siriprasertchok, R. (2017). Failure of public participation for sustainable development: A case study of a NGO's development projects in Chonburi province. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 38(3), 331-336.
  30. Rural and Nomadic Development Planning Council (2015), Rural Development Document, First Edition, Koosha Publications.
  31. Saeedi, M, R (2002), Barriers to the Growth and Development of Non-Governmental Organizations in Iran, PhD Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University.
  32. Saungweme, M. (2014). Factors influencing financial sustainability of local NGOs: the case of Zimbabwe (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).
  33. Sharma, P., & Varma, S. K. (2016). Women empowerment through entrepreneurial activities of Self Help Groups. Indian Research Journal of extension education, 8(1), 46-51.‏
  34. Shayan, H; Naghilou, A. and Anabestani, A. (2011), analysis of factors hindering people's participation in rural development with emphasis on the method of rational thinking (case study of Sanbulabad village), Journal of Geography and Planning, Vol. 38, pp. 75-100 .
  35. Silverman, R. M., & Patterson, K. L. (2011). The effects of perceived funding trends on non‐profit advocacy. International Journal of Public Sector Management.‏
  36. Späth, L., & Scolobig, A. (2017). Stakeholder empowerment through participatory planning

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 مرداد 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 دی 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 دی 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار