شناسایی چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی و ارزیابی عملکرد نهادهای متولی در مدیریت آن‌ها (مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی شهرستان روانسر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی و عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

 محیط­زیست مبنا و بستر تمامی فعالیت­های جامعه روستایی است که در سال­های اخیر ارتقای کیفیت آن مورد توجه ویژه برنامه­ریزان قرار گرفته است. در راستای بهبود کیفیت محیط­زیست در سکونتگاه­های روستایی، شناسایی مشکلات و چالش­های زیست­محیطی به­وجود آمده و همچنین ارزیابی عملکرد نهادهای متولی در مدیریت این چالش­ها، مسأله قابل ملاحظه­ای است که باید مد نظر محققان و اندیشمندان برنامه­ریزی و توسعه روستایی قرار گیرد. در این راستا، هدف از پژوهش کمی و کاربردی حاضر، که با ترکیبی از روش­های توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و علی به انجام رسیده است، شناسایی مهم­ترین چالش­های زیست­محیطی و ارزیابی میزان رضایتمندی روستاییان از عملکرد نهادهای متولی در مدیریت چالش­ها و همچنین بررسی اثرات نهادهای متولی بر چالش­های زیست­محیطی در سکونتگاه­های روستایی بوده که به صورت موردی در میان سرپرستان خانوار روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان روانسر (4633=N)، که 119 نقطه روستایی را شامل می­شود، انجام گرفته است. با توجه به تعداد زیاد سرپرستان خانوار روستایی، عدم دسترسی به کلیه سرپرستان خانوار، محدودیت­های مالی و زمانی، محققان قادر به مصاحبه و تکمیل پرسشنامه در میان کلیه سرپرستان خانوار روستایی نبوده و با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 355 نفر از سرپرستان خانوار، به­عنوان نمونه آماری برآورد گردید. جهت جمع­آوری داده­های مورد نیاز، ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق­ساخته­ای بود که روایی و پایایی آن با رعایت اصول علمی پژوهش­های میدانی تأیید شده است. یافته­های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان داد مهم­ترین چالش­های زیست­محیطی شناسایی شده (تخریب مراتع و جنگل­ها (19 درصد)، فشار بر منابع آب و خاک (88/16 درصد)، تهدید حیات وحش (91/14 درصد)، زباله و پسماند (17/11 درصد) و آلودگی هوا (1/11 درصد)، توانسته­اند حدود 73 درصد واریانس متغیر وابسته پژوهش را تبیین نمایند. بر اساس یافته­های حاصل از جدول توزیع فراوانی (حدود 3/78 درصد روستاییان میزان رضایتمندی بسیار ضعیف و ضعیف) و آزمون t تک­نمونه­ای (با میانگین 213/2)) می­توان اذعان کرد که روستاییان از عملکرد نهادهای متولی در مدیریت چالش­های زیست­محیطی، ارزیابی ضعیفی داشته­اند. نتایج بررسی اثرات نهادهای متولی بر چالش­های زیست­محیطی در سکونتگاه­های روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان روانسر نشان داد اثر این نهادها بر چالش­های زیست­محیطی شناسایی شده (به استثنای آلودگی هوا) منفی و معنادار بوده است. در این میان بیشترین اثر منفی نهادهای متولی بر دو چالش فشار بر منابع آب و خاک و تخریب مراتع و جنگل­ها، به­ترتیب با اثرات کل 544/0- و 428/0، بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Identification of Environmental Challenges at Rural Settlements and Evaluating the Performance of Institutions in Managing Them (case Study: Central District of Ravansar County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin dehghani 1
  • Mirnajaf mousavi 2
  • Davood Jomeini 3
1 Assistant Professor, Jiroft University, Kerman, Iran
2 Associated Professor of Geography, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of the present study is quantitative and functional, that is done Using descriptive and analytical and causal, the identification of the most important environmental challenges and Evaluation of satisfaction of villagers from The performance of institutions in management challenges and also Serving The effect of institutions On the environmental challenges in rural communities. this study It has been done as a case study Among rural households Located in the central District of the Rawansar Township (N= 4633), that includes the 119 rural points. Due to the high number of rural households, Lack of access to all heads of households and Financial and time constraints, the researchers were unable to interview and questionnaire to all households and with Using Cochran formula (d= 0.5, p &q = 0.5), 355 persons of households Estimated as the statistical sample. Shows The results of exploratory factor analysis, the most important environmental challenges identified (Degradation of pastures and forests (19 percent), Pressure on water and soil resources (16.88 percent), Wildlife Threat (14.91 percent), Waste and waste (11.17 percent) and air pollution (11.1 percent)), they could Explain About 73% of the variance of the dependent variable of the research. Based on findings from the frequency distribution table (About 78.3 percent of villagers have a very weak and poor satisfaction) and One-sample t test (With 2.312 average)), Can be acknowledged That Have had a poor evaluation The villagers are from the function of trusted institutions in managing environmental challenges. Shows Results of the effects of trustee institutions on Environmental Challenges in rural settlements that Located in the central district Rawansar Township, the impact of these institutions on air pollution No significant and their effects on The other environmental challenge has been identified (Pressure on water and soil resources, degradation of pastures and forests, waste and waste and wildlife threats) Has been negative and meaningful. Meanwhile the most The negative effect of custodial authorities have been on Two Challenges, Pressure on water and soil resources and Destruction of pastures and forests, Respectively with -0.544 and -0.428 Total effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rural Development
  • Environmental Challenges
  • performance of institutions
  • Rawansar Township
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