تحلیل اثرات منطقه آزاد تجاری – صنعتی چابهار بر گسترش فیزیکی شهر چابهار با استفاده از داده های چند زمانه سنجش از دور و روش های کمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله های برگرفته از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

• اسماعیل رحمانی ¹
• زهره هادیانی ²

¹ دانشگاه سیستان وبلوچستان

² استاد یار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان

چکیده

م
      مناطق آزاد در دنیا به‌عنوان پنجره‌ای برای همگامی و هم پیوندی اقتصادی کشورها با اقتصاد جهانی، ایجاد رشد و تحول در صادرات و بهره‌مندی از سرمایه‌های داخلی و خارجی، به‌منظور دستیابی به اهداف توسعه اقتصادی، افزایش اشتغال و انتقال فنّاوری ایجادشده‌اند. با افزایش جمعیت شهرهایی که تحت تأثیر برخی از عوامل، مانند یک منطقه آزاد تشکیل‌شده و گسترش می‌یابند، فعالیت و سرمایه‌گذاری به ‌شدت توسعه‌یافته و نظام و سازمان کالبدی شهرها دستخوش تغییرات اساسی می‌گردد. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی و تحلیل اثرات فیزیکی منطقه آزاد بر رشد شهر چابهار و پیامدهای این تحولات در مقطع کنونی است. روش تحقیق این پژوهش توصیفی– تحلیلی است. داده‌های پژوهش از طریق اسناد دولتی، آمارنامه‌ها و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای جمع‌آوری‌شده‌اند. بنابراین، به‌منظور درک میزان گسترش شهر از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست، مربوط به سال‌های (2014، 2001 و 1991)، در نرم‌افزار Envi 4.8 استفاده شده و تحولات جمعیتی شهر از سال‌های1390-1335 با استفاده از روش‌های کمی موران و هلدرن تجزیه‌وتحلیل شده است. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تحقیق نشان داد که توسعه فیزیکی شهر چابهار و گسترش حاشیه‌نشینی، بر اساس تصاویر ماهواره لندست از 859 هکتار در سال 1991 به 991 هکتار در سال 2001 افزایش پیداکرده است. در سال 2014 میزان گسترش شدت بیشتری داشته و به 1646 هکتار افزایش‌یافته است. همچنین نتایج روش کمی هلدرن نشان می‌دهد که 73 درصد از رشد شهری مربوط به رشد جمعیت بوده و 27 درصد باقیمانده آن، مربوط به رشد افقی و اسپرال است. ضریب موران در سال 1390 برابر با 32/0- به‌دست‌آمده که نشان می‌دهد الگوی رشد چابهار در این سال، یک الگوی تصادفی بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• منطقه آزاد
• گسترش فیزیکی
• سنجش از دور
• موران
• هلدرن
• شهر چابهار

20.1001.1.22516735.1397.8.30.11.1

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects analysis of Chabahar Free Trade–Industrial Zone on the physical development of Chabahar using multi-temporal remote sensing data and quantitative methods

چکیده [English]

Free zones in the world have been created as a window for synchronization and economic interconnection of countries with the global economy, the growth and change in exports and benefit from domestic and foreign investment, in order to achieve the objectives of economic development, employment, and technology transfer. With the growth in the population of cities that are affected by some factors, such as a free zone, activities and investment are highly developed and the physical organization of cities is undergoing radical changes. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the physical effects of the free zone on the growth of Chabahar and the consequences of these developments at the present time. The research method is descriptive-analytics. Research data is collected through government documents, statistics and satellite imagery. In order to understand the city's development of Landsat satellite images in the years (1991, 2001, and 2014), the Envi 4.8 application was used and the demographic trends from 1335 to 1390 were analyzed using the Moran and Holdren quantitative methods.
The results of the research showed that the physical development and expansion of Chabahar marginalization increased from 859 hectares in 1991 to 991 hectares in 2001 according to Landsat satellite imagery. In 2014, it grew more intense and increased to 1646 hectares. Also, the results of the Holdren quantitative method show that%73 of urban growth is related to population growth and%27 of it is related to horizontal and spiral growth. Moran coefficient in 2011 was equal to -0.32, which indicates that Chabahar's growth pattern was a random pattern this year.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• free zone
• physical development
• Remote sensing
• Moran
• Holdren
• Chabahar

مراجع

1. Abdi Ghorochay, Nahidah and Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi (2013): "Spatial-physical Development Pattern of Sanandaj City Analysis using the Heldron Model and Shannon Entropy", The First National Conference on Geography, Urban Planning and Sustainable Development = Tehran-February 2013. P. 18. (in persian)
2. Asgarian, Ali, Jabarian Amiri, Bahman, Alizadeh Shabani, Afshin and Jahangir Feqhi (2013): "Prediction of Spatial Growth and Distributed Development of Sari City Using Autonomic- Markov Cells Model and Shannon Entropy Indicator", Applied Ecology / Second year / Number six/ Winter 1, p. 13-24. (in persian)
3. Amanpour, Saeed, Alizadeh, Hadi, and Hasan Ghorari (2003): "An Analysis of Finding Optimal Directions of Physical Development of Ardabil City Using AHP Model", Regional Planning Quarterly Magazine, Third Year, No. 10, p. 96-83. (in persian)
4. Bahreini, Seyyed Hassan (1999): "Urbanization and Sustainable Development, Rahyaft Monthly Magazine", No. 17.  p. 13. (in persian)
5. Bahreini, Seyyed Hassan (1998): Urban Design Process, Tehran, University of Tehran, First Printing, Tehran. (in persian)
6. Ebrahimzadeh, Eissa and Ghasem Rafiei (2009): "An Analysis on Spatial-Physical Spread Pattern of Marvdasht City Using Entropy Models. Shannon and Heldron and presenting its future desirable development pattern. ", Journal of Human Geography Research, No. 69, p. 138-123. (in persian)
7. Gordon, Cullen (2008): Urban Landscape Selection, Translated by Manouchehr Tabibian, Tehran, Tehran University Press. Page 90. (in persian)
8. Harvey, David (2000): Social and City Justice, Translated by Farrokh Hesamian and Mohammad Reza Haeri, Processing and program Company Press. (in persian)
9. Haggett, Peter (1996): New Combined Geography, Translated by Shapoor Goodarzi, Volume II, First Edition, Samt, Tehran. (in persian)
10. Hosseinzadeh Delir, Karim and Hasan Hooshir (2006): "Views, Factors and Elements Effective in Physical Development of Iranian Cities", Geography and Regional Development Magazine, No. 6,  Spring and Summer 2006, p. 214- 226. (in persian)
11. Hosseini, Seyyed Mehdi (1999): "Assessment of economic performance of free zones of Iran, a cost-benefit analysis (Chabahar case study)", Master's Thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University. (in persian)
12. Iran Statistics Center (2011): Population and Housing Census, Periods 1335-2011. (in persian)
13. Majidi, Hamid, Bardast, Esfandiyar and Bahareh Mojarrabi Kermani (2012): "Analysis of factors affecting on physical growth pattern of large cities in Iran. Study case: Physical Growth Pattern of Rasht", Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Planning Volume 17, Number 3, Autumn 1 , p. 49-60. (in persian)
14. Majidi Meskin, Hossein (2014): "Evaluation and simulation of future growth of Urmia metropolis on 2035 horizon using automatic model cells and RS ", Master's Thesis for Geography and Urban Planning, Supervisor: Dr. Gholamali Khamr, University of Zabol, p. 102. (in persian)
15. Panad, Abdolsamad (2013): "Investigating Impacts of Chabahar Commercial-Industrial Free Zone on Rural Development, Case Study of Tis Village", Master's Thesis for Geography and Rural Planning, Kharazmi University. (in persian)
16. Pishahangan Amayesh Consulting Engineers (2012): Studying of Chabahar City Development Strategy. (in persian)
17. Pour Ramazan, Issa and Mohammad Majid Rahimabadi (2015): "Analysis of Factors Affecting on Physical Development of Rahim Abad City (Roodsar Township) in Past Two Decades", Regional Planning Quarterly Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 17, p. 135 – 150. (in persian)
18. Piran, Parviz (1989): Exogenous Development and City, Researches of New Cities, A New Culture In Urbanization, Ministry of Housing and Development, 79. (in persian)
19. Rahmani, Ismail (2014): "Analysis of effects of Chabahar commercial-industrial free zone on physical, economic and social development of Chabahar city", Master's Thesis, Geography and Urban Planning, Supervisor: Dr. Zohreh Hadiani, Sistan and Balochistan University. (in persian)
20. Razavian, Mohammad Taqi (2002): Urban Lands Usage Planning, Monshi Publications, Tehran. (in persian)
21. Roustaei, Mojtaba (2006): "Evaluation of physical development of Amol city using GIS", Master's thesis, Supervisor: Dr. Ahmadpour Ahmad, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran. (in persian)
22. Saeednia, Ahmad (1999): Green Book, Volume I: Urbanization, Studying Center of Urban Planning of Ministry of Interior. (in persian)
23. Shi'a, Ismail (2004): An Introduction to Basics of Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, p. 14. (in persian)
24. Nazariyan, Asghar (2001): "Future Cities: Focus of Human Disaster or Cultural Interaction Substrate," Geographic Space Magazine, First Year, No. 3, Islamic Azad University of Ahar p. 11. (in persian)

1. Braimoh, A, K; Onishi, T.(2006): Spatial determinants of urban land use change in Lagos, Nigeria, AMS online journals, 8(21).
2. Cheng, J. & Masser, I. (2003): Urban growth pattern modeling: a case study of Wuhan city, PR China, Landscape and Urban Planning, 62,pp: 199-217.
3. Devadas, V. and Vaibhav Gupta (2011): Planning for Special Economic Zone: A Regional Perspective, Institute of Town Planners, India Journal 8 - 2, April - June 2011, pp: 53 – 58.
4. Dubovyk, O.(2010): Spatio-temporal analysis of ISs development, A case study of Istanbul, Turkey, MSc thesis, Faculty of Geo-information science and earth observation, ITC.
5. He, C. 2006: Modeling Urban expansion scenarios by coupling cellular automata model and system dynamic model in Beijing, China, Applied Geography, 26:  pp: 323-345.
6. Hu, Z. and Lo, C. P. (2007): Modeling urban growth in Atlanta using logistic regression, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 31-6. 6.
7. Huang, B; Zhang, L; and Wu, B.(2009): Spatiotemporal analysis of rural-urban land coversion, international journal of Geographic Information Science, 23(3),379-398.
8. Poelmans, L. VanRompaey, A. (2009): Complexity and performance of urban expansion models”. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 34 (1),pp: 17-27.
9. Rodrigue, J.P, Claude Comtois, Brian Slack. 2009: The Geography of Transport Systems, Routledge.
10. Sietchiping, R.(2005): Prospective slum policies: Conceptualization and implementation of a proposed informal settlement growth model, Available at:http://www. org/urban/symposium 2005/papers.
11. Tsai, Yu-Hsin (2005): Quantifying urban form: Compactness versus Sprawl”, Urban Studies, Vol.42, No1, pp141-161.
12. Verburg, P,H; Ritsema van Eck,J,R; de Nijs T, C, M. Hans Visser, Kor de Jong(2004): A method to analyse neighbourhood characteristics of land use patterns, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 28(6),pp: 667-690.
13. . Mayer,david(2001): The long- term impact of health on economic growth in latin America. World development. Vol, 29. No.6
14. Devadas, V. and Vaibhav Gupta.(2011): Planning for Special Economic Zone: A Regional Perspective, Institute of Town Planners, India Journal 8 - 2, April - June 2011.  pp :11-32.
15. Jin Wang (2013): The economic impact of Special Economic Zones: Evidence from
16. Zheng Wan, Yang Zhang, Xuefeng Wang, Jihong Chen. (2014): Policy and politics behind Shanghai’s Free Trade Zone Program, Journal of Transport Geography 34.pp 1–6.
17. Athina Santorineou, John Hatzopoulos, Katy Siakavara, Climis Davos3, (2008): spatial conflict management in urban planning.