فرآیند تبدیل سکونتگاه‌های روستایی به شهر و اثرات آن بر کیفیت زندگی شهروندان (مطالعه موردی: شهر بلبان‌آباد، شهرستان دهگلان)

نویسندگان

• حسین فراهانی ¹
• افشین بهمنی ²
• فرزانه جبالی ³

¹ استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

² دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

³ کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

بهبود کیفیت زندگی یکی از مهم­ترین اهداف و سیاست­های عمومی در کشورهای مختلف است. در سال­های اخیر ارتقاء روستا به شهر به عنوان یکی از راهبردهای اصلی به منظور بهبود کیفیت زندگی در سکونتگاه­های روستایی ایران مورد توجه قرار گرفته و از این رهگذر بسیاری از نقاط روستایی تبدیل به شهر شده­اند، در واقع مهم ترین ملاک تفکیک روستا از شهر (جمعیت)، مد نظر قرار نگرفته و چه بسیار شهرهایی که جمعیت آن­ها کمتر از پنج هزار نفر است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی تأثیرات تبدیل روستا به شهر روی کیفیت زندگی ساکنان شهر بلبان آباد است، ماهیت آن کاربردی بوده و سؤال مطرح شده این است که تبدیل روستا به شهر چه تأثیری بر کیفیت زندگی در ابعاد مختلف اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی داشته است؟ روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی است و روش گردآوری اطلاعات به دو طریق اسنادی و میدانی (پیمایشی) از جمله (پرسشنامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده) بوده است، سؤالات مطرح شده در پرسشنامه بر اساس شاخص­های مختلف ابعاد سه گانه کیفیت زندگی است که به روش طیف 5 گزینه­ای لیکرت تنطیم گردیده است. جهت بررسی موضوع در فرآیند عملیات میدانی دو نوع پرسشنامه (خانوار و مسؤلین) تهیه گردیده است لذا به منظور تحلیل داده­ها از نرم­افزار Spss و روش­های آمار توصیفی (میانگین و میانه) و آزمون­های آمار استنباطی (T تست تک نمونه­ای و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن) استفاده شده است، جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل تعداد 943 سرپرست خانوار شهر بلبان آباد است که بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 241 نفر به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب گردیده است. یافته­های حاصل از بررسی ابعاد سه گانه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و کالبدی- محیطی کیفیت زندگی، حد مطلوب (3) را نشان می­دهد، مقدار sig  به دست آمده (0.00)، در آزمون T، با ضریب آلفای 5%، نشان می­دهد که ارتقاء روستای بلبان­آباد به شهر، در بهبود کیفیت زندگی در ابعاد سه گانه تا حدودی موفق بوده است، همچنین نتایج ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، با ضریب اطمینان (1%)، مبین وجود رابطه معنادار و مستقیم بین ابعاد مختلف کیفیت زندگی بوده و بیشترین میزان همبستگی نیز (0.549) مربوط به ابعاد اقتصادی و کالبدی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تبدیل روستا به شهر
• کیفیت زندگی
• شهر کوچک
• بلبان آباد

20.1001.1.22516735.1395.6.22.15.5

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عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of the environmental constraints on physical-spatial development of city and their effects on the surrounding villages (Case study: Javanroud city)

نویسندگان [English]

• h f ¹
• a b ²
• f j ³

چکیده [English]

      Human and physical constraintsof physical-spatial development of cities precedes  the rapid movement toward surrounding villages of urban areas that this issue is specifically observable in mountainous urban and rural areas of the west and  western north parts of Iran. In this geographical region, Javanroud city in Kermanshah province is one of those which imposed great pressure on its surrounding areas, especially its connected villages. So, the purpose of present study is the survey of the type and amount of environmental constrainteffects of Javanroud city on its surrounding villages. This research is an applied research and Research methodology is descriptive-analytic. In this study, environmental constrainteffects of city have been investigated on the villages that are located at a distance of 5 km from the city. Statistical population is households in 6 villages surrounding the city and the number of 261 family heads as the sample size has been determined by Cochran formula. which in order to gather information, laboratory-documentary and field studies (observation, questionnaire, interview) are applied and after gathering necessary information, by presenting an overall and comprehensive picture about the changes and variations of rural lands’ applications, the analysis of present condition, comparison of these changes, growth ratings and rural development based on Topsis-Victor integrated model, final steps  were followed. Research results show that Sheikh-alkaram village according to the calculated values (R = 0.009, S = 0.025 and Q = 0), because of the unsuitable road and inappropriate position has almost no effect. While Safiabad village (with R = 0.917, S = 1.837 and Q = 1) has the greatest influence and other surrounding villages in the study area are intermediate. Research findings show that part of population and workforce of Javanroud city, due to the reasons like short distance between city and villages, low price of lands and inhabitants in comparison to city, straightforward accessibility and possibility of using different urban services are inhabited in surrounding villages and this has lead to the change and variation in nearby villages to city, in such a way that they has lost their traditional applications and as parts of a city are playing role of dormitories for Javanroud city and are far from practical nature of villages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Environmental constraint of city
• Surrounding villages
• Topsis-Victor integrated model
• Javanroud

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